行动者网络视角下霍尔果斯边境口岸空间转型过程及其机制

The spatial transformation process and mechanism of Khorgos border port from the perspective of Actor-Network Theory

运用行动者网络理论视角,以霍尔果斯口岸为案例地,对比不同时期边境口岸空间转型的过程特征,并剖析其背后的形成机制。研究发现:①多元异质主体在追求自身利益诉求前提下围绕阶段性的共同目标连接起来,从而推动边境口岸行动者网络的建构与重构。②新时期边境口岸行动者的构成、意图和目标发生改变,且行动者网络从松散状态转变为紧密状态。行政权力主体调动市场资本和社会大众力量参与其中并共同推动边境口岸空间转型发展。本研究以期为中国式现代化边境口岸建设及其与“一带一路”倡议有效衔接提供参考依据。

In the context of the Belt and Road Initiative and Chinese-style modernization development,the spatial transformation of border ports has become one of the regional development issues facing the country.The spatial transformation of border ports is the result of multi-subject and multi-scale integration under the background of deepening geopolitical and economic cooperation.However,there are few researches on the spatial practice of border ports with diverse and heterogeneous subjects in the new period.Given this,this study selects Khorgos Port as a typical sample and uses the Actor-Network Theory to analyze its spatial transformation process and formation mechanism.This study mainly adopts the qualitative research methods of participatory observation,in-depth interview,and discourse analysis to obtain first-hand data,and obtains the required data through data collation and analysis.The results show that:1)The multiple and heterogeneous actors are connected around the common goal of the stage under the premise of pursuing their interests,thus promoting the construction and reconstruction of the border port actor network.2)In the new period,the composition,intention and goal of border port actors have changed,and the network of actors has changed from a loose state to a tight state.Political power subjects mobilize market capital and social mass forces to participate in and jointly promote the spatial transformation and development of border ports.This study aims to provide a reference for the construction of Chinese-style modern border ports and their effective connection with the Belt and Road Initiative.Through the construction and reconstruction of the network of actors,it is found that the participation of diverse and heterogeneous subjects in the construction of Khorgos Port also brings many difficulties and problems,which should attract the attention of governments and management agencies at all levels,and jointly promote the orderly,healthy and sustainable development of the border port by mobilizing forces from all walks of life.The change in the network of actors at the Khorgos port reflects the deepening and strengthening of the geopolitical and economic cooperation between China and Kazakhstan to a certain extent.This can provide a basis for the study of the region to build an all-round cooperation platform under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the future,and also provide a reference for the high-quality development of other border ports in the context of China-style modernization development and their efficient docking with the Belt and Road Initiative.In the future,the spatial transformation process and actor network changes of border ports in different regions,different stages,and different types will be further compared,to provide references for the formation of a new pattern of opening up to the outside world in the new era and the shaping of cross-border cooperation space among countries.