微球和纳米颗粒在经动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝细胞癌中的应用

Advances in the application of microspheres and nanoparticles in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

近年来,经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)是治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)的常用方法。然而,随着栓塞剂技术的不断发展,微球和纳米颗粒方面的新进展为提高TACE的治疗效果和安全性带来了新的希望。本文综述了微球和纳米颗粒在HCC行TACE中的最新进展和应用。首先,介绍了TACE作为治疗手段的背景,以及微球和纳米颗粒技术的兴起。接着,叙述了TACE中不同类型的微球和纳米颗粒的使用情况,并探讨了理想栓塞剂的特性。文章着重描述了在材料科学和工程领域的进展,以及药物释放微球和纳米颗粒与传统TACE在临床效果方面的对比。另外,对影像学在TACE手术中的重要性进行了讨论,并总结了放射性和磁共振可见的栓塞剂的研究进展。文章从多个角度讨论了TACE治疗的未来发展方向和面临的挑战。指出了微球和纳米颗粒与其他治疗方法结合、个性化和精准医学在TACE中的应用,以及TACE在临床转化应用中的潜在方案。同时,提出了伦理和监管方面的问题需要加以探讨。认为先进微球和纳米颗粒在TACE中具有潜在影响,为HCC治疗模式的创新以及通过TACE改善患者预后提供了理论基础和技术支持。

In recent years,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)has emerged as a common treatment modality for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,with the ongoing development of embolic agent techniques,the new advances in microspheres and nanoparticles have brought new hope for improving the efficacy and safety of TACE.This article reviews the latest advances and applications of microspheres and nanoparticles in TACE for HCC.First,this article introduces the background of TACE as a therapeutic approach and the emergence of microsphere and nanoparticle techniques,and then it describes the application of various types of microspheres and nanoparticles in TACE and discusses the requisite attributes of an ideal embolic agents.The article focuses on the advances in material science and engineering,as well as the clinical efficacy of drug-eluting microspheres and nanoparticles versus conventional TACE.Furthermore,it discusses the importance of radiological examination in TACE and summarizes the research advances in the radiopaque and magnetic resonance-visible embolic agents.This article also explores the future development directions and challenges of TACE.It also points out the combination of microspheres and nanoparticles with other treatment modalities,the application of personalized and precision medicine in TACE,and the potential regimen of TACE in clinical translation,and meanwhile,it raises the issues of ethics and regulation that need to be further discussed.It is believed that microspheres and nanoparticles have a potential effect in TACE,which provides a theoretical basis and technical support for innovating HCC treatment regimens and improving the prognosis of patients through TACE interventions.