电针干预围绝经期失眠大鼠睡眠觉醒的实验研究

Experimental Study of Electroacupuncture on Sleep-Wake in Rats with Perimenopausal Insomnia

目的观察电针干预围绝经期失眠大鼠睡眠觉醒的效应并探索其相关机制。方法100只雌性成熟SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、模型组(OVX组)、电针组(EA组)、假电针组(sham EA组),每组25只,除假手术组外,其余3组采用去卵巢(ovariectomized,OVX)术制备围绝经期大鼠失眠模型,电针组与假电针组于造模后给予电针或假电针干预,观察各组大鼠造模后、电针干预后睡眠觉醒状态、体质量、阴道脱落细胞、血清性激素水平、肾上腺皮质结构变化。结果OVX术后,模型组大鼠较假手术组大鼠日间觉醒增多,睡眠增多(rapid eye movement,REM),睡眠减少(non-rapid eye movement,NREM),难以维持长期睡眠,大鼠动情周期消失,停留在动情间期,体质量增加(P<0.05),血清雌激素水平降低(P<0.05),卵泡刺激素水平升高(P<0.05),肾上腺网状带细胞增生。电针干预后,OVX大鼠日间觉醒减少,NREM睡眠增多,NREM睡眠持续时间延长,大鼠阴道涂片中出现了类似动情后期表现的脱落细胞,体质量减少(P<0.05),血清雌激素水平升高(P<0.05),卵泡刺激素水平降低(P<0.05),肾上腺网状带细胞增生明显。结论(1)去卵巢手术使大鼠睡眠觉醒状态发生变化,呈现类似于人的围绝经期失眠。(2)电针干预能够改善OVX大鼠睡眠觉醒状态,增加NREM睡眠量,并增加NREM睡眠稳定性。(3)电针改善OVX大鼠睡眠状态可能是通过提高雌激素水平实现的,而肾上腺皮质网状带代偿性增生可能是雌激素水平升高的原因。

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on sleep-wake in perimenopausal insomnia rats and explore the related mechanism.Methods One hundred female mature SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operated group(sham group),a model group(ovariectomized group,OVX group),an electroacupuncture group(EA group)and a sham electroacupuncture group(sham EA group),with 25 rats in each group.In addition to the sham group,the rats in the other three groups were ovariectomized(OVX)to prepare the perimenopausal insomnia model.The EA group and sham EA group were given electroacupuncture or sham electroacupuncture intervention after modeling.The changes of sleep-wake state,body mass,vaginal exfoliated cell,serum sex hormone levels and adrenal cortex structure of the rats were observed before and after ovariectomies and electroacupuncture intervention.Results After ovariectomies,compared with that of the sham group,the amount of awakening and REM sleep of the rats in the model group were increased during the light period,while the amount of NREM sleep was decreased,and it was difficult for the OVX rats to maintain long-term sleep.Compare with those of the rats in the sham group,the estrous cycles of the OVX rats were disappeared and were left in the estrous interval,with the body weight increased(P<0.05),serum estrogen level decreased(P<0.05),follicle stimulating hormone level increased(P<0.05),and adrenal reticular zone cells proliferated.After electroacupuncture intervention,the daytime arousal of the OVX rats was decreased,NREM sleep was increased,NREM sleep duration was prolonged,the exfoliated cells were similar to the late estrus appeared in the vaginal smears of rats in the sham group,the body weights were decreased,the levels of serum estrogen were increased(P<0.05),the levels of follicle stimulating hormone were decreased(P<0.05),and adrenal reticular zone cells were obviously hyperplastic.Conclusion(1)Ovariectomy can change the sleep-wake states of rats,presenting perimenopausal insomnia similar to human.(2)Electroacupuncture intervention can improve the sleep-wake states of OVX rats by increasing NREM sleep and enhancing the stability of NREM sleep.(3)Electroacupuncture may improve sleep-wake states by increasing the levels of estrogen,which may be caused by compensatory hyperplasia of adrenal cortex reticulum.