升力翼列车通过隧道的气动效应研究

Study of aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train with wings moving through a tunnel

升力翼列车是一种通过增加升力翼来提升气动升力的新概念列车,可等效降低自身重力,有效减少轮轨磨损。本研究基于RNG k−ε湍流模型,采用滑移网格模拟方法,研究了不同攻角升力翼列车通过隧道的气动效应,并通过动模型实验数据对数值计算方法的精度进行验证。研究结果表明:升力翼列车进入隧道后列车升力增大,相较于明线,隧道内平均升力增加了33.3%;在进入隧道时攻角由12.5°减小为7.5°,可以较好地减小进入隧道时的升力波动,同时也可减小列车和隧道表面的压力峰值,有利于列车平稳通过隧道。通过对比有、无升力翼的列车可发现,车体前端主要受到升力翼增加车隧阻塞比的影响,而压力上升;车体后端主要受到升力翼尾流的影响,压力降低。本研究结果可为升力翼列车平稳通过隧道提供技术支持。

A high-speed train with wings(HSTW)is a new type of train that enhances aerodynamic lift by adding wings,effectively reducing gravity,to reduce the wear and tear of wheels and rails.This study,based on the RNG k−εturbulence model and employing a sliding grid method,investigates the aerodynamic effects of HSTWs with different angles of attack when passing through tunnels.The precision of numerical simulation method is validated by data obtained through a moving model test.The results show that the lift of the HSTW increases upon entering the tunnel,with an average lift in the tunnel of 33.3%greater than that in the open air.The angle of attack is reduced from 12.5°to 7.5°when the train enters the tunnel,which can better reduce the lift fluctuations and concurrently also reduce the peak-to-peak pressure on the surface of the train and the tunnel,which is conducive to the train passing through the tunnel smoothly;hence,the angle of attack for the HSTW when passing through a tunnel is adjusted 7.5°.Furthermore,a comparison between the high-speed trains with and without wings demonstrates that the frontal pressure of the trains increases due to the blockage effect caused by the wings,while the rear of the trains experiences decreased pressure,which is primarily influenced by the wing wake.The outcomes of this study provide technical support for HSTWs passing smoothly through tunnels.