黔东南地区591例肾活检病理结果分析

Pathological Analysis of 591 Cases of Renal Biopsy in Southeast of Guizhou

目的:分析黔东南地区591例肾活检患者的病理结果。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月—2022年1月黔东南苗族侗族自治州人民医院收治的因肾脏疾病开展肾活检的591例黔东南地区患者的临床资料,统计所有患者的性别、年龄、民族、肾活检病理类型分布情况,比较不同性别、不同年龄及不同民族患者的肾活检病理类型分布差异。结果:591例患者中,男性占57.02%,女性占47.98%;年龄分布方面,儿童占12.01%,青年占29.61%,中年占32.83%,老年占25.55%;民族分布方面,侗族占24.02%,汉族占13.71%,苗族占58.21%,其他占4.06%。591例黔东南地区患者的肾活检病理结果显示,膜性肾病(MN)占比最高,为33.50%;IgA肾病(IgAN)位居第二,占比是25.72%;局灶节段肾小球硬化(FSGS)位居第三,占比是14.38%;系膜增生肾小球肾炎(MsPGN)位居第四,占比是13.20%。不同性别及年龄患者的FSGS、MsPGN、微小病变性肾病(MCD)或潜在FSGS、乙肝病毒相关性肾炎(HBV-GN)、糖尿病肾病(DN)及高血压肾损害比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性组MN发生率高于女性组,IgAN及LN发生率低于女性组,中年组MN发生率高于儿童组、青年组、老年组,青年组IgAN及LN发生率高于儿童组、中年组、老年组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同民族患者的肾活检病理结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:MN、IgAN是黔东南地区肾活检中的常见病理类型,不同性别及年龄患者的肾脏病理类型分布存在差异,但不同民族患者的肾脏病理类型分布基本相同。

Objective:To analyze the pathological results of 591 cases of all renal biopsy patients in southeast of Guizhou.Method:The clinical data of 591 patients from southeast of Guizhou who underwent kidney biopsy due to kidney disease in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The gender,age and nationalities distribution of all patients and the distribution of pathological types of kidney biopsy were statistically analyzed,and the differences in the distribution of pathological types of kidney biopsy of patients with different genders,ages and nationalities were compared.Result:Of the 591 patients,57.02%were males and 47.98%were females.In terms of age distribution,children accounted for 12.01%,young people accounted for 29.61%,middle-aged people accounted for 32.83%,and the elderly accounted for 25.55%.In terms of ethnic distribution,Dong minority accounted for 24.02%,Han minority accounted for 13.71%,Miao minority accounted for 58.21%,and other minority accounted for 4.06%.The results of renal biopsy in 591 patients from southeast of Guizhou showed that membranous nephropathy(MN)accounted for the highest proportion which was 33.50%;IgA nephropathy(IgAN)ranked second with 25.72%;focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS)was the third,accounting for 14.38%;mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN)was the fourth,accounting for 13.20%.There were no significant differences FSGS,MsPGN,minimal change disease(MCD)or potential FSGS,hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN),diabetic nephropathy(DN)and hypertensive renal damage among different sex and age patients(P>0.05).The incidence of MN in male group was higher than that in female group,the incidence of IgAN and LN were lower than those in female group,the incidence of MN in middle-aged group was higher than that in children group,youth group and old group,and the incidences of IgAN and LN in youth group were higher than those in children group,middle-aged group and old group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in pathological results of renal biopsy among different ethnic groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:MN and IgAN are common pathological types in renal biopsy in southeast of Guizhou.The distribution of renal pathological types in patients with different gender and age is different,but the distribution of renal pathological types in patients with different ethnic groups is basically the same.