交通建设公司员工心理复原力对压力知觉及心理健康的调节作用

Moderating effect of resilience on perceived stress and mental health among workers in a transportation construction company

目的了解芜湖市某交通建设公司员工心理健康的影响因素,分析心理健康和压力知觉与心理复原力的关系,为提升员工心理健康水平提供参考依据。方法于2021年6—12月以整群抽样的方法抽取芜湖市某交通建设公司451名员工为调查对象,应用一般情况问卷、90项心理健康症状自评量表(symptom check list-90,SCL-90)、简明心理弹性量表(10-item conner-davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC-10)、中文版压力知觉量表(chinese version perceived stress scale,CPSS)进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果451名交通建设公司员工心理健康总均分为(144.75±50.35)分,SCL-90总分阳性检出率为32.4%(146/451)。不同性别、文化程度、工龄的交通建设公司员工的压力知觉得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同性别、文化程度、工龄的交通建设公司员工的心理复原力得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同工龄、婚姻状况的交通建设公司员工的心理健康得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。员工压力知觉与心理健康总分及各维度均呈正相关(r=0.432~0.585,均P<0.01),心理复原力与压力知觉、心理健康总分及各维度均呈负相关(r=-0.324~-0.698,均P<0.01)。压力知觉和心理复原力的交互作用有统计学意义(β=-0.13,P<0.01),单独解释心理健康变异的2%(ΔR^(2)=0.02),说明心理复原力在压力知觉与心理健康关系间起调节作用。结论芜湖市某交通建设公司员工存在不同程度的心理健康困扰,压力知觉是心理健康的重要影响因素,心理复原力低的员工在压力知觉水平增高时的心理健康状态更差。可通过帮助员工更好的应对知觉到的压力及提升自身的心理复原力水平,改善交通建设公司员工的心理健康状态。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for mental health among workers in a transportation construction company and association of perceived stress and resilience,and to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of mental health among workers.Methods From June to December 2021,a total of 451 employees of a transportation construction company in Wuhu were selected by cluster sampling method as the survey object.Symptom check list 90(SCL-90),10-item conner-davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC-10),and Chinese version perceived stress scale(CPSS)were used to conduct questionnaire survey,and the data were analyzed.Results The score of mental health tendency was(144.75±50.35)points of the 451 employees of a transportation construction company,and the incidence rate of SCL-90 was 32.4%(146/451).There were significant differences in the score of perceived stress and resilience in different gender,education levels and working age(all P<0.05).There were significant differences in the score of mental health in different working age and marital status groups(both P<0.05).The total score and all dimensions of mental health were positively correlated with perceived stress(r=0.432-0.585,all P<0.01).The total score and all dimensions of mental health were negatively correlated with resilience(r=-0.324--0.698,all P<0.01).The interaction among resilience and perceived stress was statistically significant(β=-0.13,P<0.01),the independent on mental health is 2%(ΔR^(2)=0.02).The resilience moderated the relationship between perceived stress and mental health.Conclusions The mental health level of workers in the transportation construction company is relatively high.Perceived stress is an important influencing factor for mental health.When the stress perceptions increases,the mental health of workers with low mental resilienceis worse.Reduce perceived stress and improve resilience as a way to protecting mental health among workers in this company.