放射工作人员职业健康检查中外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的鉴别分析方法

Identification and analysis method for chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes during occupational health examination of radiation workers

目的探讨放射工作人员职业健康检查中外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变鉴别分析方法及实践指导,旨在为同行研究提供参考。方法2016年12月—2021年12月,对6658名放射工作人员进行外周血微量全血培养,使用自动细胞收获仪和手工制片,运用全自动染色体核型扫描分析系统进行染色体畸变分析。结果共分析500368个中期分裂相,经复核确认142个双着丝粒体(dic)、10个双着丝粒环(r)、261个无着丝粒断片(f)以及11个明显易位(t);须与双着丝粒体(dic)鉴别的3种染色体形态为染色单体交叉79个、两条染色体相接触23个与次缢痕18个,此三者数量之和与双着丝粒体(dic)的比例为84.5%;须与无着丝粒断片(f)鉴别的两种染色体形态为早分离9个与染色体裂隙11个,此两者数量之和与无着丝粒断片(f)的比例为7.66%。结论熟练识别各类型的染色体畸变,掌握染色体畸变鉴别方法,是染色体畸变分析重要的质量控制手段之一,对受检者该项目的结果评判至关重要。

Objective To explore the methods and practical guidance for identifying chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes during occupational health examinations for radiation workers,so as to provide reference for peer research.Methods From December 2016 to December 2021,6658 radiation workers were subjected to peripheral blood trace whole blood culture,automatic cell harvesting equipment,and manual production.The chromosome aberration analysis was performed using a fully automated chromosome karyotype scanning analysis system.Results A total of 500368 metaphase mitotic phases were analyzed,and 142 bicentric bodies(dic),10 bicentric rings(r),261 acentric fragments(f),and 11 obvious translocations(t)were confirmed after review.Three chromosomal forms that need to be distinguished from dicentric bodies(dic)were 79 chromatid intersections,23 chromosomes in contact with each other,and 18 secondary constrictions.The proportion of the sum of these three numbers to the number of bicentric bodies(dic)was 84.5%.Two types of chromosome morphology that need to be distinguished from acentric fragments(f)early separation of 9 and chromosome fissures of 11,and the sum of which was 7.66%in proportion to acentric fragments(f).Conclusion The proficient identification of various types of chromosome aberrations and mastery of chromosomal aberration identification methods are important quality control measures for chromosome aberration analysis,and are crucial for evaluating the results of the test subject's project.