宁夏中部干旱带青贮玉米品种综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of silage maize varieties in the central arid zone of Ningxia

为了筛选适合宁夏中部干旱带地区种植的青贮玉米品种,试验将15个青贮玉米品种于2021年5月3日播种,采取随机区组排列,每个品种3个重复,每个小区面积为24 m^(2)(4 m×6 m),共45个小区。采用滚轮式播种机播种,播种深度为4~5 cm,株距为25 cm,行距为50 cm,种植密度约为80 000株/hm^(2)。生育期滴灌补充水分,全年施磷酸二铵135 kg/hm^(2)、尿素600 kg/hm^(2),人工除草2次。9月6日统一测定各品种相关指标后收获。收获后对15个青贮玉米品种的农艺性状、产量性状、营养成分指标和相对饲喂价值(RFV)进行测定,并采用主成分分析和隶属函数法进行综合评价。结果表明:15个品种平均株高为203.61 cm,其中对照品种(正大12)株高为182.23 cm;平均鲜草产量为72.60 t/hm^(2),其中品种大唐13、屯玉168的鲜草产量分别为90.90 t/hm^(2)、89.43 t/hm^(2),显著高于其他品种及对照品种(P<0.05)。除了大唐13干物质含量为29.71%外,其余品种干物质含量均>30.00%,其中新引KXA4574的干物质含量最高,达37.21%。淀粉含量最高的品种为润丰1602,达42.53%;粗蛋白含量最高的品种为新引KXA4574,达8.69%。屯玉168的中性洗涤纤维含量最低,相对饲喂价值(RFV)最高。前5个主成分的累计贡献率达到了88.673%,隶属函数值排名前两位的品种依次为大唐13、屯玉168。说明大唐13、屯玉168在该区域综合表现突出,可作为优质青贮玉米品种推广种植。

In order to screen out the silage maize varieties suitable for planting in the central arid zone of Ningxia, in this experiment, 15 silage maize varieties were selected to be sown on May 3, 2021. All varieties were arranged in random blocks, with 3 replicates per variety, and each cell area was 24 m~2(4 m×6 m), with a total of 45 cells. The experimental area was seeded by a roller seeder with a depth of 4-5 cm, plant spacing of 25 cm, row spacing of 50 cm, and planting density of about 80 000 plants/hm~2. During the growth period, the water needs to be supplemented by drip irrigation, 135 kg/hm~2 of diammonium phosphate and 600 kg/hm~2 of urea were applied throughout the year, and weeding was done manually twice. Harvest was carried out on September 6 after unified determination of the relevant indicators of each variety. After harvest, agronomic traits, yield traits and nutritional quality indexes, and RFV of 15 maize silage varieties were determined, and comprehensive evaluation was carried out by principal component analysis and affiliation function method. The results showed that the average plant height of the 15 varieties was 203.61 cm, among which the control variety(Zhengda 12) was 182.23 cm. The average fresh grass yield was 72.60 t/hm~2, and the fresh grass yield of varieties Datang 13 and Tunyu 168 was 90.90 t/hm~2 and 89.43 t/hm~2, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other varieties(P<0.05). Except for the Datang 13, whose dry matter content was 29.71%, the dry matter content of rest of the varieties were > 30.00%, of which the dry matter content of Xinyin KXA4574 was the highest, reaching 37.21%. The variety with the highest starch content was Runfeng 1602, which reached 42.53%, and the highest crude protein content was the variety Xinyin KXA4574, which reached 8.69%. Tunyu 168 had the lowest neutral detergent fiber and the highest RFV. The cumulative contribution of the first five principal components reached 88.673%, and the top two varieties ranked by the affiliation function were Datang 13 and Tunyu 168, respectively. The results indicated that Datang 13 and Tunyu 168 were outstanding in overall performance in this area and could be used as high-quality silage maize varieties.