上海市徐汇区居民健康素养水平与急性传染病风险认知的相关分析

Correlation between health literacy and risk perception of emerging infectious diseases among residents in Xuhui District,Shanghai

目的 探索健康素养水平与急性传染病风险认知水平的相关性。方法 采用多阶段、简单随机和按规模大小成比例概率抽样(PPS抽样)相结合的抽样方法,抽取徐汇区15~69岁常住居民1200人进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括人口学特征、急性传染病风险认知水平和健康素养水平。采用χ^(2)检验、方差分析、t检验、Spearman相关分析对数据进行分析。结果 2020年徐汇区居民标化健康素养水平为37.58%,风险认知平均得分依次为政府防控措施有效程度(4.67±0.59)分、感染疾病的风险认知程度(2.54±0.93)分、主动采取应对措施的意愿(2.31±1.00)分、对疫情的忧虑程度(1.86±0.87)分。不同年龄、文化水平和自感健康状况居民的健康素养水平和风险认知水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。感染疾病的风险认知程度、主动采取应对措施的意愿与健康素养呈正相关(r=0.104,0.087;P均<0.05);对疫情的忧虑程度与健康素养水平呈负相关(r=-0.058,P<0.05)。结论 徐汇区居民的健康素养和急性传染病风险认知还需进一步加强,健康素养水平可影响其急性传染病风险认知。应针对性地加强年龄较大、低文化程度和低健康水平人群的应急科普教育。

Objective To explore correlation between health literacy and risk perception of emerging infectious diseases.Methods According to multi-stage random and PPS sampling method,a total of 1200 residents aged 15-69 years old were investigated with a questionnaire.The questionnaire included general demographic characteristics,risk perception of emerging infectious diseases and health literacy.χ^(2)-test,ANOVA analysis,t-test and Spearman correlation analysis were used for data analysis.Results The standardized rate of health literacy possession among residents in Xuhui District in 2020 was 37.58%.The average scores of risk perception were(4.67 ±0.59) points on effectiveness of government prevention and control measures,(2.54±0.93) points on risk perception of infection,(2.31 ± 1.00) points on willingness to take response measures,and(1.86 ± 0.87) points on anxiety about emerging infectious diseases pandemic.The level of health literacy and the risk perception of residents were significantly difference in different groups with different age,educational level and health self-perceived status.The risk perception of infection,the willingness to take response measures were positive related with health literacy(r=0.104,0.087;all P<0.05).The anxiety about the pandemic of emerging infectious diseases was negative related with health literacy(r=-0.058,P<0.05).Conclusion The health literacy level and the risk perception of the emerging infectious diseases among residents in Xuhui District needs to be further improved.The level of health literacy is associated with their risk perception of the emerging infectious diseases.Targeted emergency science popularization education should be strengthened for those with elderly age,lower education,and lower self-rated health status.