生态补偿政策差异对农户就业和收入的影响研究

Effects of Ecological Compensation Policy Differences on Farmers’ Employment and Income

研究目的:探讨不同类型生态补偿政策对农户就业和收入的影响差异,以期评估和揭示不同类型生态补偿政策实施的效果及有效性,为完善生态补偿政策、提高农户福利提供参考。研究方法:内生转换模型和内生转换Probit模型。研究结果:(1)人力资本水平对农户参与“造血型”生态补偿政策具有显著影响;农户年龄和教育水平、家庭劳动力数量对农户参与“造血型”补偿政策具有正向作用,家庭生产性耐用品数量、耕地面积和质量、距乡镇中心距离对农户参与“造血型”补偿政策具有负向作用。(2)相比“输血型”生态补偿政策,参与“造血型”生态补偿政策的农户总收入减少4.2%,但非农就业概率显著提高26.4%。(3)“造血型”生态补偿政策对中低收入农户的发展机会型收入具有显著正向影响,释放了一定的流动性,但对资源依赖型收入没有显著影响。研究结论:应继续优化“造血型”生态补偿政策,采用多元化措施提升农户的人力资本水平以拓宽就业增收途径,以保障生态补偿政策实施的有效性和可持续性。

The propose of this study is to investigate the effects of different ecological compensation policies on farmer’s employment and income,to evaluate and reveal the effectiveness of the implementation of different ecological compensation policies and provide scientific reference for improving ecological compensation policy and farmer’s welfare.The research methods include the endogenous switching regression(ESR)and endogenous switching probit(ESP)models.The research results show that 1)the level of human capital has a significant impact on farmer’s participation in hematopoietic ecological compensation policy;the age and education levels of farmers and the number of household labor force have a positive effect on farmer’s participation in hematopoietic ecological compensation policy,while the quantity of durable goods for household production,the area and quality of cultivated land,and the distance from the township center have a negative effect on farmers’participation in hematopoietic ecological compensation policy.2)Compared to the“blood transfusion”ecological compensation approach,the total income of farmers participating in hematopoietic ecological compensation policy decreases by 4.2%,while the probability of off-farm employment obviously increases by 26.4%.3)The hematopoietic ecological compensation policy has no significant impact on the resource dependent income of farmers,but has a significant positive impact on the development opportunity income of middle and low-income farmers.In conclusion,the government should continue to improve the hematopoietic ecological compensation policy,and establish a diversified and comprehensive hematopoietic ecological compensation mechanism,which is conducive to expand the employment and income increasing channels for farmers by improving their human capital levels.In this regard,the dual goals of ecological protection and farmers’vitality transformation can be achieved,and the effectiveness and sustainability of ecological compensation policy can be ensured.