社区老年人静脉血栓栓塞症认知水平的调查研究

Cognition level and its influencing factors of venous thromboembolism among the elderly in the communities

目的调查分析社区老年人静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE)认知水平现状及其影响因素,为后期制定社区老年人VTE的预防策略提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样法,共抽取湖南省5个地区中910名社区老年人(年龄≥60岁)为研究对象。采用一般资料调查问卷、VTE认知水平调查问卷、培训意愿问卷以及Padua血栓风险评估表进行现况调查。采用多重线性回归分析VTE认知水平的影响因素。结果研究对象VTE高风险人群占7.96%,VTE知晓率为16.59%,有接受培训意愿的占64.38%。不同年龄、文化程度、VTE病史、培训意愿、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)的研究对象认知水平得分存在差异,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示:文化程度、BMI、培训意愿是社区老年人VTE认知水平的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论社区老年人VTE高风险人群比例高,疾病认知水平低,有较强的培训意愿。文化程度低、BMI高,其VTE认知水平较低;培训意愿强,其VTE认知水平较高。亟须采取系列措施提高社区老年人VTE认知水平,并积极开展社区老年人VTE的高危筛查、推进早期预防。

Objective To investigate and analyze the cognition level of VTE and its influencing factors of the elderly in the communities,so as to provide scientific support for developing and implementing VTE prevention strategies among the elderly in the communities.Methods A total of 910 community elderly people(age≥60 years)from 5 regions in Hunan province were selected by stratified random sampling method.The general information questionnaire,the VTE cognition level questionnaire,the training willingness questionnaire and the Padua Thrombosis Risk Assessment Form were used to conduct the investigation.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of VTE cognitive level.Results Among the elderly in communities,7.96%were at high-risk of VTE,16.59%were aware of VTE,and 64.38%were willing to receive training.There were statistically significant differences in cognitive level scores among study subjects with different age,educational level,VTE history,training willingness,and body mass index(BMI)(P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level,BMI,and training willingness were the main influencing factors of VTE cognitive level(P<0.05).Conclusion The proportion of high-risk VTE population among the elderly in communities in Hunan Province was high,while the cognitive level was low,and they had a strong willingness to receive training.The elderly with low educational level or high BMI have a lower level of VTE cognition.The ones with strong training willingness have a higher level of VTE cognition.It is urgent to take a series of measures to improve cognitive level,and developing early prevention of VTE among the elderly in the communities.