论个人信息保护中的“新闻例外”

On the“News Exception”in Personal Information Protection

个人信息保护是信息时代各国法律体系构建中的重大问题,引入平衡的个人信息保护制度是基本人权保护和数据立法的重要目标。个人信息保护涉及诸多价值之间的综合考量,而个人信息权利体系与其他权利体系之间的平衡架构成为个人信息保护立法的关键,“新闻例外”即是表征个人信息保护平衡架构的显著例证。作为社会公器,新闻既追求商事价值,又倡导表达自由和公共价值,新闻与个人信息保护存在着天然的紧张关系,平衡架构的“新闻例外”成为平衡构架个人信息保护制度的基本要求和重要内涵。“新闻例外”的平衡架构需要合理界定新闻的概念和目的,而新闻行业的自律与司法实践的介入都是必要因素。我国已经通过《民法典》《个人信息保护法》等法律初步完成了个人信息保护的顶层立法设计,然而,“新闻例外”的平衡机制远未确立,在平衡理念与完善制度体系保障基础之上的“新闻例外”是我国个人信息保护制度发展的基本要义。

Personal information protection is a significant issue in the construction of legal systems in various countries in the information age.Introducing a balanced system for protecting personal information is an important goal of basic human rights protection and data legislation.Personal information protection involves comprehensive considerations among various values,and the balanced structure between the system of personal information rights and other rights systems becomes the key to legislation on personal information protection.The“news exception”is a prominent example representing the balanced structure of personal information protection.As a societal instrument,news not only pursues commercial value but also advocates freedom of expression and public values.There exists a natural tension between news and personal information protection.The“news exception”of the balanced structure becomes a fundamental requirement and important connotation for constructing a system for protecting personal information.The balanced structure of the“news exception”requires a reasonable definition of the concept and purpose of news,and both self-discipline within the news industry and judicial intervention are necessary factors.China has preliminarily completed the top-level legislative design for personal information protection through laws such as the Civil Code and the Personal Information Protection Law.However,the balanced mechanism of the“news exception”has not yet been fully established.A“news exception”based on the principles of balance and the improvement of the institutional system is the fundamental principle for the development of China's personal information protection system.