马克思对资本主义的批判是否存在双重路径?--对艾伦·布坎南内在批判与外在批判的反思

Is There a Dual Path in Marx's Critique of Capitalism?--Reflection on Alan Buchanan's Internal and External Criticism

如何阐释马克思对资本主义的批判,是理解马克思正义思想的前提。艾伦·布坎南提出了双重路径的建构与阐释视角--非法权的外在批判与法权的内在批判,从而把马克思正义思想以内在批判的形式呈现出来。然而,布坎南的建构与阐释是失败的。首先,其双重建构存在着两条路径之间的对抗。其次,其外在建构忽略了法权批判的可能性。最后,其内在建构违背了历史唯物主义对资本主义的批判逻辑。布坎南失败的根本原因在于误读了历史唯物主义,但这并不意味着双重路径的设想没有合理性。基于历史唯物主义,我们仍然可以提出一种马克思批判资本主义的双重路径--低阶批判与高阶批判。这样理解的“双重路径”,清晰地呈现了马克思正义思想的内在构成,将为马克思主义正义理论的当代建构提供真正合乎马克思本人思想的方法论支持。

How to interpret Marx's criticism of capitalism is a prerequisite for understanding Marx's thought of justice.Alan Buchanan proposed a dual perspective of construction and interpretation-the external criticism of illegal rights and the internal criticism of legal rights,thus presenting Marx's thought of justice in the form of internal criticism.However,Buchanan's construction and interpretation have failed.Firstly,there is a confrontation between two paths in its dual construction.Secondly,its external construction overlooks the possibility of legal criticism.Finally,its inherent construction goes against the critical logic of historical materialism towards capitalism.The fundamental reason for Buchanan's failure lies in his misreading of historical materialism,but this does not mean that the idea of a dual path is unreasonable.Based on historical materialism,we can still propose a dual path of Marx's criticism of capitalism:low-level and high-level criticism.This understanding of the“dual path”clearly presents the inherent composition of Marx's justice theory,and will provide methodological support that truly aligns with Marx's own thoughts for the contemporary construction of Marxist justice theory.