中国情境下的乡村创业:一个研究框架的构建

Rural Entrepreneurship under Chinese Context: An Analysis Framework

乡村创业是推进乡村产业振兴的关键抓手和实际切入点。“千村示范、万村整治”工程创造的成功经验和实践范例,不仅成为一份中国式现代化的乡村样本,还为我国乡村创业研究提供了丰富的素材,其中乡村情境是与创业活动紧密交互且不可剥离的要素,是实践和理论的研究焦点。通过梳理全球乡村创业研究脉络发现,异质性情境决定了乡村创业研究的侧重点,使不同区域开展的研究呈现发展不平衡且碎片化的特征。为推进我国乡村创业研究的内生理论发展,通过紧扣乡村创业活动与情境的互动这一核心特征,在梳理多维情境中乡村创业研究的基础上,构建中国情境下开展乡村创业研究的综合框架。该框架遵循资源依赖理论的逻辑,通过审视乡村情境各维度蕴含的资源,分析乡村创业同情境之间的资源依赖程度,强调最契合动态嵌入模式的选择。在时间、空间双重维度中,该嵌入模式的动态特征决定了乡村创业实现路径会不断演化甚至有双元嵌入融合的可能。结论进一步厘清了乡村创业的理论边界,有助于我国乡村创业研究的理论化和系统化发展,表明在学习“千村示范、万村整治”工程所蕴含的发展理念、工作方法和推进机制时需要因地制宜,分类施策,以当地乡村情境为核心,合理编排相适配的资源,选择恰当的嵌入模式以促进当地产业有序、良性发展。

Rural entrepreneurship is a key tool and practical entry point for promoting rural industrial revitalization.The successful experience and practice examples created by the“Thousand Villages Demonstration,Ten Thousand Villages Improvement”project have not only become a sample of Chinese modernized villages,but also provided rich materials for the research on rural entrepreneurship in China,in which the rural context is a closely interacting and inalienable element of entrepreneurial activities,which is the focus of both practical and theoretical research.Through combing the global rural entrepreneurship research,it is found that the heterogeneous context determines the focus of rural entrepreneurship research,which makes the research carried out in different regions show the characteristics of unbalanced development and fragmentation.In order to promote the endogenous theoretical development of rural entrepreneurship research in China,this paper constructs an analytic framework of rural entrepreneurship with open system perspective,with respect to the interaction between rural entrepreneurship and rural context.Following the logic of resource-based theory,the framework includes resources scrutiny within each level of rural context,analysis of the degree of the resource dependency between rural entrepreneurship and context,choices of optimal embeddedness model.Besides,the rural entrepreneurial path will evolve and even fall into integration of dual embeddedness.The conclusion clarifies the boundary of rural entrepreneurship,and comes up with a general framework,which is helpful for development of theoretic and systematic rural entrepreneurship research.In practice,learning from the development concept,working method and promotion mechanism of the“Thousand Villages Demonstration,Ten Thousand Villages Improvement”project,it is more necessary to adapt to local conditions,classify and implement policies,take the local rural context as the core,reasonably arrange the appropriate resources,and choose the appropriate embedding mode to promote the orderly and benign development of local industries.