环境污染物诱导细胞膜损伤的研究进展

Research Progress on Cell Membrane Damage Induced by Environmental Pollutants

细胞膜是保护细胞免受外源性污染物破坏的屏障,在细胞与外界进行物质运输、能量转换、信息传递等活动中具有不可替代的作用。当前针对环境污染物诱导细胞膜损伤的研究相对零散,未成体系。本文聚焦近5年国内外环境污染物诱导细胞膜损伤的相关研究并对其进行归纳总结,主要从脂质双分子层、膜蛋白、细胞骨架以及膜微结构域4个方面分析了环境污染物对细胞膜的损伤影响。从脂质双分子层结构变化、脂质过氧化以及膜通透性和完整性等方面描述了环境污染物对脂质双分子层的损伤;从膜蛋白活性、蛋白表达等方面阐述了环境污染物对细胞膜蛋白的损伤;从微管、微丝和中间纤维的变化归纳了环境污染物对细胞骨架的损伤;从脂筏和小窝的变化概括了环境污染物对细胞膜微结构域的损伤。最后,对环境污染物诱导细胞膜损伤的研究现状进行了思考,并对未来研究趋势进行了展望。

The cell membrane is the barrier that can protect cells from external pollutants,and plays an important role in material transportation,energy conversion,information transmission,and other activities between cell and its outside.At present,the researches on cell membrane damage induced by environmental pollutants are relatively scattered and not systematic.In this paper,we summarized the relevant researches in the past five years and analyzed the effects of environmental pollutants on cell membrane damage from four aspects:lipid bilayers,membrane proteins,cytoskeletons and membrane microdomains.Firstly,the damage of environmental pollutants to lipid bilayers was elaborated from structural changes of lipid bilayers,lipid peroxidation,as well as permeability and integrity of lipid bilayers.Secondly,From the membrane protein activity and protein expression,the damage of environmental pollutants to membrane protein was described.Subsequently,the damage of environmental pollutants to cytoskeletons was elucidated from changes of microtubules,microfilaments and intermediate fibers.Finally,the damage of environmental pollutants to membrane microdomains was summarized from changes in lipid rafts and caveolae.In addition,we considered the current research status and prospected future research trends of cell membrane damage induced by environmental pollutants at the end of this review.