世界主要科技强国纳米科技发展战略研究与启示

Study on R&D strategies in nanoscale science and technology of powerhouses and insights

通过分析世界主要科技强国(地区)在2000—2023年发布的指导纳米科技发展的近160份战略规划文件,发现各国(地区)采取了一系列具有共性的战略举措,成功促进纳米科技发展,主要包括:高度重视纳米科技;建立跨部门管理机构;制定战略规划并实施重大研究项目;建立多学科交叉的研究中心;投资建设研究基础设施;促进与其他科技融合发展;推动研究成果产业化;特别关注对环境和健康的影响;积极培养和引进人才;积极开展国际合作。近年,各国(地区)仍然对发展纳米科技保持高度重视。结合对中国纳米科技发展现状的分析,文章建议中国建设国家级纳米材料数据中心和纳米科技智库,建立适应世界科技发展趋势和纳米科技发展需求的人才培养体系。

Nanoscale science and technology(nano S&T)are at the frontier of global strategic high-tech competition.After examining nearly 160 strategy and planning documents released by scientific and technological powerhouses from 2000 to 2023,the study finds ten common approaches adopted by the powerhouses to advance nano S&T as follows.(1)Recognizing nano S&T as a key area for the economy and global competition.(2)Establishing cross-department organizations to meet the cross-disciplinary nature of nano S&T.(3)Developing strategic plans to guide the development of nano S&T and implementing major programs with significant investment.(4)Establishing multidisciplinary nano S&T research centers based upon institutions with strength.(5)Building and maintaining physical and cyber R&D infrastructures for nano S&T.(6)Promoting convergence of nanotechnology,information technology,biotechnology,and cognition science.(7)Establishing facilities to accelerate the commercialization of promising discoveries.(8)Paying close attention to the possible effects of nano S&T on the environment and human health.(9)Developing a skilled workforce and recruiting overseas talents.(10)Engaging in international collaborations.The study also finds that the powerhouses have continued to pay close attention to nano S&T during the past three years,focusing on issues such as leveraging nano S&T to help address significant societal challenges and preparing for the oncoming data-intensive R&D paradigm.Moreover,the study discusses the progress and shortcomings of nano S&T in China and proposes suggestions for R&D in the future after taking account of the findings presented above.The suggestions include promoting the commercialization of promising R&D,building and maintaining nanomaterial databases,establishing nano S&T think tanks,and putting in place a system of developing talent who can adapt to scientific and technological trends and meet the demands of the development of nano S&T.