海尔布隆纳的马克思主义唯物史观评析

An Analysis of Heilbroner’s Marxist Historical Materialism Perspective

海尔布隆纳在《马克思主义:赞成与反对》一书中认为,资本主义的实质隐藏在历史中,因而首先应该从唯物史观的视角——辩证法与唯物史观的结合——进行分析。在对阶级斗争和异化的阐释过程中,海尔布隆纳对于马克思主义辩证唯物史观理解的合理之处在于:一是否认将所有的历史简化为一种经济决定论;二是唯物史观具有一定的预测价值;三是唯物史观是一种揭示现象背后本质的社会分析方法。不合理之处在于:一是倾向于从斗争性理解矛盾;二是将理论与实践的统一简化为一种历史决定论;三是模糊了辩证法与唯物主义的逻辑关系。当然,对于海尔布隆纳对待唯物史观的理解应保持辩证的态度,要结合当时社会的现实情况,才能更好地理解马克思主义唯物史观的丰富内涵,而不能仅局限于分析他的观点,还要考察他的研究立场与方法。

In his book Marxism:For and Against,Heilbroner believes that the essence of capitalism is hidden in history and should therefore first be analyzed from the historical materialism perspective,a combination of dialectics and historical materialism perspective.In the process of explaining class struggle and alienation,Heilbroner’s understanding of Marxist dialectical historical materialism perspective is reasonable,firstly,by the denial of the reduction of all history to a form of economic determinism;secondly,by the fact that the historical materialism perspective has a certain predictive value;and thirdly,by the fact that the historical materialism perspective is a method of social analysis that reveals the essence behind the phenomenon.The unreasonable points are:firstly,the tendency to understand the contradiction in terms of struggle;secondly,the reduction of the unity of theory and practice to a kind of historical determinism;and thirdly,the blurring of the logical relationship between dialectics and materialism.Of course,we should maintain a dialectical attitude towards Heilbroner’s understanding of his treatment of the historical materialism perspective,and to combine it with the realities of the society at that time,in order to better understand the richness of the Marxist historical materialism perspective,rather than limiting ourselves to analyzing his views,but also examining his research stance and methodology.