论弗雷格《算术基础》中的语境原则

A Study on Context Principle in Frege’s Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik

弗雷格在《算术基础》中提出“语境原则”,并将其作为重要的方法论原则指导他关于“数”的论证。从对比和联系中理解弗雷格的语境原则:弗雷格的语境原则与语用学研究中的语境方法在研究对象、研究范围和研究方法上存在差异;该书序言中的三条原则相互联系,语境原则是对一、三条原则的保证。《算术基础》对语境原则的具体运用体现在以下三方面:首先表现为弗雷格对经验主义者、主观主义者关于“数”的观点的批判;其次他重视分析句子中的定冠词,以定冠词的有无来区分专名与概念词,并支撑自己对他人观点的反驳;最后弗雷格讨论数相等意义的出发点以及对休谟原则的解释也是对语境原则的遵循。

Frege puts forward the context principle in Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik,and uses it as an important methodological principle to guide his argument for number.Understanding Frege’s context principle through contrast and connection:in terms of research objects,research scope,and research methods,Frege’s context principle differs from those in pragmatic research;the three principles in the preface of Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik are interrelated,and the context principle is the guarantee of the first and the third principles.Frege’s application of the context principle is embodied in the following three aspects:firstly,he criticizes the views of empiricism and subjectivism on number;secondly,he attaches importance to the analysis of the definite article;and lastly,the starting point for discussing the meaning of number equality and his interpretation of Hume’s principle are also in accordance with the context principle.