基于Landsat遥感影像的平庄西露天矿植被恢复效果与归因分析

Analysis of vegetation restoration effect and attribution of Pingzhuang West Open-Pit Mine based on Landsat remote sensing images

监测与评估生态脆弱区煤矿排土场植被恢复效果,厘清植被变化的驱动因子,能为排土场植被恢复的可持续发展提供技术和数据支撑。现有的利用长时序遥感数据进行矿区植被变化及其驱动机制的相关研究,缺少对矿区尺度下排土场全生命周期植被恢复的精细刻画,缺乏专题指标以定量描述排土场植被恢复力。针对上述问题,以平庄西露天矿的3个外排土场为研究对象,基于Landsat遥感影像生成了研究区逐年的最大INDV数据,采用时序趋势分析法对排土场植被进行全周期精细时空监测,并利用植被恢复力评价区域尺度植被恢复效果。最后,使用多元回归残差法定量分析气候变化和人类活动两类主要驱动因子对排土场植被变化的影响。实验结果表明:①2008—2023年间,3个排土场的植被指数都呈上升趋势,不同植被覆盖等级的面积比例逐步上升,绝大部分区域已经恢复至露天开采前的水平;②排土场植被恢复力呈现“先增后降再趋于稳定”的特点,山后排土场恢复力最强,其次为三家排土场,太平地排土场恢复力相对较弱;③在植被改善区,主要呈现人类活动主导影响、人类活动和气候变化共同影响2类驱动模式;在植被退化区,还存在气候变化主导影响模式,尤其在三家排土场,人类活动和气候变化共同作用影响较大。

Monitoring the vegetation restoration effect on coal mine dumps in fragile ecosystems and pinpointing the drivers of vegetation changes is able to provide crucial technical and data support for the sustainable progress of restoration initiatives.Existing studies using long time-series remote sensing data for vegetation changes in mining areas and their driving mechanisms lack a fine portrayal of the vegetation recovery of the whole life cycle of the discharge sites at the mine scale,and lack thematic indicators to quantitatively characterize the vegetation resilience in the dumping site.In order to address the above problems,In this paper,we examined three external dumps at the Pingzhuang West Open Pit Mine,using Landsat images to calculate annual maximum INDV(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)in this area.We conducted a temporal trend analysis for in-depth monitoring of vegetation changes at these sites over the full cycle.Additionally,we introduced the concept of vegetation restoration force to evaluate the effectiveness of restoration efforts at a regional scale.Finally,the multiple regression residual method is employed to quantitatively assess the effects of two primary driving factors,climate change and human activities,on vegeta-tion changes at waste disposal sites.Experimental findings reveal:①During 2008-2023,the vegetation indices in the three dumping sites showed an increasing trend,with most areas being restored to the level before open-pit mining;②The vegetation recovery force in the dumps exhibits a pattern characterized by an initial increase,fol-lowed by a decrease,and culminating in stabilization.The strongest recovery force is observed in Shanhou dumping site,succeeded by Sanjia dumping site,while Taipingdi dumping site display the weakest recovery force;③The vegetation improvement areas primarily showcase the predominant influence of human activities and the synergistic impact of human activities and climate change.In areas of vegetation degradation,all three driving modes are present,with Sanjia dumping site notably experiencing a greater combined influence of human activity and climate change.