面向老年用户的家具产品设计路径研究

Research on the Design Path of Furniture Products for Elderly Users

为满足老年用户对各类家具产品的使用需求和功能诉求,提高老年群体的生活品质,本研究集成AHP-AD-TOPSIS方法构建了一种面向老年用户的家具产品设计方法,并以适老化餐桌椅为例进行设计实践。首先,采用访谈法、观察法及问卷调查法对老年用户进行深入调研,并结合德尔菲法获取老年用户对适老化餐桌椅的需求,以构建层次分析评价模型。其次,运用层次分析法中求解的各指标权重,明确餐桌椅设计中的重点需求。然后,运用AD理论将用户需求转化为设计参数,通过AD理论中独立性原则完成适老化餐桌椅功能域与设计域的映射,并根据设计参数进行方案设计。最后,基于TOPSIS法通过构建判断矩阵来计算正负理想解距离及相对贴近度,进而对各方案进行设计评估,以明确最佳设计方案。结果表明,该方法可设计出符合老年用户需求的适老化餐桌椅,并为今后相关产品的设计提供了新思路。

In order to meet the use needs and functional demands of elderly users for all kinds of furniture products,and to improve the life quality of the elderly group,in this study,AHP-AD-TOPSIS to construct a furniture product design method for elderly users was integrated,and the example of age-friendly dining table and chairs for design practice was taken.Firstly,the interview method and observation method combined with questionnaire survey were used to gain a deeper investigation of the elderly users,combined with the Delphi method to obtain the needs of the elderly users for aging-adapted dining table and chairs,and constructed the hierarchical analysis and evaluation model.Secondly,the hierarchical analysis method was used to solve the weights of the indicators and clarify the key requirements in the design of dining tables and chairs.Then,AD theory was used to transform user requirements into design parameters,and the mapping between the functional domain and design domain of the aging dining table and chairs was completed through the principle of independence in AD theory,and programme design based on design parameters.Finally,the design evaluation of each scheme was carried out based on the TOPSIS method by constructing a judgement matrix to calculate the positive and negative ideal solution distances and the relative closeness in order to specify the best design solution.The results showed that this method can clarify the design of age-friendly dining table and chairs that meet the needs of elderly users,which could provide new ideas for design of other products.