大理苍山杜鹃花属植物资源及其种质资源圃建设分析

Analysis of Rhododendron Plant Resources and Its Germplasm Resource Nursery Construction in Cangshan Mountain of Dali

基于苍山科学考察资料及文献资料,对苍山杜鹃花属植物资源特征及种质资源圃建设条件进行分析。结果表明,苍山分布有杜鹃花属植物57种,占全国杜鹃花种数的9.5%,占云南省杜鹃花种数的14.3%;生活型以灌木型为主(73.6%),其次为灌木或乔木型(24.6%);分布海拔大于2 500 m的种数达44种,占苍山杜鹃花总种数的77.2%;苍山地区杜鹃花花色极其丰富,其中白色系种类最多(33.3%),其次为粉红色系(19.3%);杜鹃花花期为2—8月,主要集中于4—6月开放。从海拔、可建面积、水路条件等方面对苍山范围内具备建设杜鹃花种质资源圃的地块进行分析,结果认为,苍山花甸坝及大理大学茶园具有较好的建设条件。

Based on the scientific investigation data and literature data in Cangshan Mountain,the characteristics of Rhododendron resources and the construction conditions of germplasm resource nursery in Cangshan Mountain were analyzed.The results showed that 57 species of Rhododendron were distributed in Cangshan Mountain,accounting for 9.5% of the Rhododendron species in China and 14.3% of the Rhododendron species in Yunnan Province;the life form was mainly shrub type(73.6%),followed by shrub or arbor type(24.6%);44 species were distributed at an altitude of more than 2 500 m,accounting for 77.2% of the total species;the Rhododendron flowers in Cangshan Mountain were extremely rich in colors,with the white variety being the most common(33.3%),followed by the pink variety(19.3%);the flowering period of Rhododendron was from February to August,mainly concentrated in April to June.The plots with the potential to build Rhododendron germplasm resource nursery in Cangshan Mountain were analyzed from the aspects of altitude,buildable area,water source and road traffic.The results showed that the Huadian Dam in Cangshan Mountain and the Dali University Tea Garden had good construction conditions.