2017—2021年柳州市食源性疾病监测结果分析

Analysis on surveillance results of food-borne diseases in Liuzhou City from 2017 to 2021

目的了解2017—2021年柳州市食源性疾病监测情况,分析其流行病学特征,为进一步提高食源性疾病监测能力策略的制订提供科学依据。方法收集2017—2021年柳州市食源性疾病监测点报告系统中数据,并对采集的粪便/肛拭子标本进行病原体检测,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果2017—2021年柳州市共监测病例13721例,男性6569例,女性7152例;年龄以0~4岁组病例最多(3490例,25.44%),职业以散居儿童居多(3147例,22.94%);发病高峰期为每年的7—9月(3999例,29.15%);病例的主要暴露食品为水果及其制品(2854例,20.80%),可疑暴露食品的包装方式以散装为主(4309例,31.40%),暴露场所以家庭为主(10127例,73.81%)。共采集生物标本3517份,其中致病菌检出率为11.57%,主要为沙门菌(6.11%),集中在5—10月(80.84%),诺如病毒检出率为8.94%,主要集中在1—3月(3.57%),年龄、职业、季节组内病原体检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论柳州市食源性疾病发病高峰期为7—9月,高危人群为0~4岁儿童,主要暴露场所以家庭为主,相关部门应在高峰期加强对以上高危人群食源性疾病的监测和预防,加强对家庭食品加工安全的宣教;生物标本检测主要检出的病原体为沙门菌和诺如病毒,提示相关部门应加强此类微生物易污染食品的监督监测,做出及时预警和宣传。

Objective To understand the surveillance of food-borne disease in Liuzhou City from 2017 to 2021,and to analyze their epidemiological characteristics,so as to provide scientific basis for developing strategies to further improve the surveillance capacity of food-borne diseases.Methods Data from the food-borne disease monitoring point reporting system in Liuzhou City from 2017 to 2021 were collected,and pathogen testing on the collected fecal/anal swab samples was conducted.In addition,statistical analysis was performed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2017 to 2021,a total of 13721 cases were monitored in Liuzhou City,with 6569 males and 7152 females;the age group of 0–4 years had the highest number of cases(3490 cases,25.44%),and the majority of occupations were scattered children(3147 cases,22.94%),and the peak period of onset was from July to September each year(3999 cases,29.15%).The main exposed food of the cases was fruits and their products(2854 cases,20.80%),the packaging of suspected exposed food was mainly in bulk(4309 cases,31.40%),and the exposed places were mainly in households(10127 cases,73.81%).A total of 3517 biological specimens were collected,of which the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 11.57%,mainly Salmonella(6.11%),concentrated from May to October(80.84%),and the detection rate of Norovirus was 8.94%,mainly concentrated from January to March(3.57%).The difference in pathogen detection rates among age,occupation,and seasonal groups was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion The peak period of food-borne diseases in Liuzhou City is from July to September,and the high-risk people are children aged 0 to 4 years,and the exposed places are mainly families.Relevant departments should strengthen the monitoring and prevention of food-borne diseases among the above-mentioned high-risk groups during peak periods,and strengthen education on the safety of household food processing.The main pathogens detected in biological specimen testing are Salmonella and Norovirus,indicating that relevant departments should strengthen the supervision and monitoring of food contaminated by such microorganisms,and make timely warnings and publicity.