康德哲学中的“无条件者”与“诸条件的总体”

On the Totality of Conditions and the Unconditioned in Kant’s Philosophy

“诸条件的总体”和“无条件者”是理念基于纯粹理性的逻辑运用和实在运用的区分而呈现的不同意涵,前者是纯粹理性始于知性知识进行推论的必然结果,后者是纯粹理性自我设定的综合的最高原则。这两层意涵意味着纯粹理性跨越并连接了经验领域与理智领域。“诸条件的总体”在经验领域内既是理性构建知识总体的引导性原则,也是理解“先验幻相”何以产生的关键。“无条件者”,既是“诸条件的总体”何以成为引导性原则的绝对根基,同时也为第二批判中论证自由之实在性提供先验前提。

The totality of conditions and the unconditioned are two different connotations of the idea based on the distinction between the logical use and the real use of pure reason.The former is the necessary result of pure reason drawing inferences based on intellectual knowledge,while the latter is the highest synthesizing principle self-imposed by pure reason.These two meanings imply that pure reason transcends and connects the domains of experience and intellect.The totality of conditions is both the guiding principle for the rational construction of overall knowledge in the domain of experience and the key to understanding the cause of the transcendental illusions.The unconditioned is the absolute basis for the totality of conditions to become the guiding principle;at the same time,it provides a transcendental prerequisite for demonstrating freedom’s reality in the field of practical reason.