环境侵权领域惩罚性赔偿制度相关问题研究

Related Issues on Punitive Compensation System in the Field of Environmental Infringement

《中华人民共和国民法典》第一千二百三十二条对环境侵权行为确立了惩罚性赔偿制度,这是民法典环境侵权领域中“绿色原则”的一个突出表现。惩罚性赔偿作为一种补偿性的损害赔偿,该制度是为了达到惩罚和遏制的目的,对环境侵权人进行了一种特别的损害赔偿。同时,我国《行政许可法》中也对惩罚性赔偿进行了明确的规定,并在此基础上建立了公益与私益两种类型的惩罚性赔偿,但在具体操作上仍不够完善,理论界和实务界对此也有着很大的争论。通过分析环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度的适用规则,认识其在适用中存在的不足之处,通过对该规则的解读,其在环境侵权领域惩罚性赔偿制度的实际应用中与时俱进改进,增强其在环境侵权领域中的可操作性。

Article 1232 in the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China establishes a punitive compensation system for environmental infringement,which is a prominent manifestation of the“green principle”in the field of environmental infringement in the Civil Code.Punitive damages,as a kind of compensatory damage,is a kind of special damages for environmental infringers to achieve the purpose of punishment and containment.At the same time,Administrative Licensing Law in our country also has a clear provision for punitive damages,based on which two types of public interest and private interest punitive damages are established;however,the provision is still not perfect in the specific operation,and get highly debated in the theoretical and practical circles.Through analyzing the applicable rules of the punitive damages system for environmental infringement,we can understand the shortcomings in its application.The interpretation of the rules can make the punitive compensation system advance with the times in the practical application in the field of environmental infringement,and enhance its operability in the field of environmental infringement.