我国本科层次职业教育政策工具的选择偏好及优化策略

Choice Preference and Optimization Strategies of Vocational Education Policy Tools at Undergraduate Level in China

随着本科层次职业教育相关政策陆续出台,本科层次职业教育政策建构和实践也在不断向前推进。以政策工具类型为X维度,以政策要素为Y维度,以政策时间为Z维度,建构了我国本科层次职业教育政策工具的三维分析框架,旨在了解当前本科层次职业教育政策工具的选择偏好,进一步为我国本科层次职业教育政策优化提出针对性建议。研究发现,在政策工具的选择方面,权威型工具使用过溢,其他政策工具虽有所涉及,但总体上政策工具之间的协同相对较差;在政策要素的使用方面,以组织领导要素为主,以体制机制、人才培养为辅,对师资建设、经费支撑要素使用不充分,且缺少相应的政策工具作为保障;结合政策工具、政策要素及政策时间,发现本科层次职业教育政策工具注重短期政策目标实现,对于发展的长期规划有所缺乏。基于此,从注重政策工具协同与发展、综合考量与使用相关要素、加强政策短期目标与长期发展规划耦合等三个方面提出了我国本科层次职业教育政策工具的优化策略,以期进一步提升政策的综合效能和使用效率。

With the introduction of vocational education policies at undergraduate level,the construction and practice of vocational education policies at undergraduate level are also advancing.Taking the types of policy tools as the X dimension,the policy elements as the Y dimension,and the policy time as the Z dimension,this paper constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework of the policy tools of vocational education at the undergraduate level in China,aiming at understanding the selection preferences of the current policy tools of vocational education at the undergraduate level,and further putting forward targeted suggestions for the optimization of vocational education policies at the undergraduate level in China.It is found that in the choice of policy tools,authoritative policy tools are overused,and although other policy tools are involved,the coordination among policy tools is relatively poor on the whole;In terms of the use of policy elements,the organization and leadership elements are the main factors,supplemented by institutional mechanisms and personnel training,and the use of teachers' construction and financial support elements is insufficient,and there is a lack of corresponding policy tools as a guarantee;Combined with policy tools,policy elements and policy time,it is found that the policy tools of vocational education at undergraduate level pay attention to the realization of short-term policy objectives,but lack long-term planning for development.Based on this,this paper puts forward the optimization strategy of policy tools for vocational education at the undergraduate level in China from three aspects:paying attention to the coordination and development of policy tools,comprehensively considering and using relevant elements,and strengthening the coupling between short-term goals and long-term development plans,with a view to further improving the comprehensive efficiency and use efficiency of policies.