2011—2022年山西省狂犬病的流行特征及暴露处置

Epidemiology and exposure management of rabies in Shanxi Province,2011‒2022

【目的】分析山西省狂犬病疫情流行病学分布特征及影响因素,为进一步推动山西省消除犬传狂犬病提供依据。【方法】收集2011—2022年山西省狂犬病疫情资料,对狂犬病流行病学特征等进行描述性分析。【结果】2011—2022年山西省共报告狂犬病病例348例,年均报告发病率为0.0803/10万。报告发病率整体呈下降趋势,8月为发病高峰。病例以农民为主,男性居多,年龄分布以50~69岁报告发病数居多。个案调查数据显示伤人动物以犬为主(93.96%)。病例潜伏期为1~3个月居多(37.37%)。暴露部位以手部居多,占51.33%,Ⅲ级暴露者被动免疫制剂注射率仅2.66%。【结论】山西省狂犬病发病整体呈持续下降趋势,但防控措施仍有漏洞。应加强犬只免疫及管理、宣传教育和暴露后规范化处置,是保障防控成果的根本。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological features and influencing factors of rabies in Shanxi Province,and to provide evidence to further promote the elimination of rabies in Shanxi Province.[Methods]The incidence data of rabies in Shanxi from 2011 to 2022 were collected and subjected to descriptive analysis.[Results]From 2011 to 2022,a total of 348 rabies cases were reported in Shanxi Province,with an average annual incidence of 0.0803/105.The incidence of rabies showed a downward trend overall.The highest incidence was in August.The cases were mainly farmers,mostly males,and most cases were reported between 50 and 69 years old.The data of cases showed that dogs were the main animals attacking human(93.96%).The incubation period of most cases was 1‒3 months(37.37%).The main exposure site was hand(51.33%).Only 2.66%cases with gradeⅢexposure were injected with passive immune agents.[Conclusion]The incidence of rabies in Shanxi Province continues to decrease,but there are still loopholes in prevention and control measures.It is necessary to strengthen the management and immunization of dogs,health education,and standardized procedures after exposure to maintain the achievements in the prevention and control of rabies.