长江中游干流河段洲滩民垸行蓄洪能力研究

Characteristics of flood regulation and storage capacity of floodplains and polders in middle reaches of Yangtze River

长江中下游洲滩民垸具有巨大行蓄洪能力,对保障重点地区防洪安全起重要作用。但是,洲滩民垸点多面广,地形数据缺乏,无法充分利用并有效构建数学模型分析行蓄洪作用。基于长江中下游高分辨率遥感影像数据,构建长江中游干流河段洲滩民垸数字高程模型,以生产水位-面积-容积关系成果,分区分类研究洲滩民垸的行蓄洪能力。结果表明:长江中游干流洲滩民垸行蓄洪能力强,但空间分布差异大,其中,荆江河段洲滩民垸面积及蓄洪容积占比最高,在面临大洪水时调度运用多。研究成果能够直观有效呈现长江中游干流洲滩民垸的行蓄洪能力,为洲滩民垸的调度运用打牢数据基础,为科学准确制定防洪决策提供有力支持。

The floodplains and polders in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River have great flood storage capacity and play an important role in ensuring flood control safety in key areas.However,due to its large quantity and area and lack of topographic data,it is impossible to make full use of it and effectively construct a mathematical model to analyze the flood storage effect.Based on the high-resolution remote sensing image data of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River,the digital elevation model of floodplains and polders was constructed to establish the water level-area-capacity relationship,and the flood storage capacity of the floodplains and polders was studied by partition classification.The results showed that the flood storage capacity of the floodplains and polders in the middle reaches of Yangtze River was strong,but the spatial distribution was different.The area and flood storage capacity of the floodplains and polders in Jingjiang River accounted for the highest proportion,which would be used most when a large flood occured.The research results can present the flood storage capacity of the floodplains and polders in the middle reaches of Yangtze River as the data foundation for the operation of the floodplains and polders and provide a support for the flood control decision.