固体中的缺陷:从位错到拓扑涡旋

Defects in solids:From the dislocation to topological vortex

固体如何形变流动,是固体物理和材料科学所长期关注的重要问题。谚语讲“上帝眼中,万物皆流”,其本质讲明了固体材料并不完美,其中存在的缺陷主导了固体材料的长时间尺度流变行为。在最近的一项研究工作中,研究者将拓扑学理论与前沿模拟方法相结合,最终证实了玻璃中拓扑缺陷的存在及其对玻璃塑性的关键作用。相关工作在非晶物质科学领域内首次展示了经典本征振动模式几何是如何影响非晶材料塑性行为的。

In solid state physics and materials science,the subject of how solids flow and deform has historically been of great interest.The essence of the proverb“The mountains flowed before the Lord”lies in the recognition that solid materials are inherently imperfect,in which of the defects dominating their rheological behaviors at the long-time scales.In a recent work,researchers combined theoretical topological analysis with cutting-edge simulation methods and finally confirmed the existence of topological defects in glasses and their crucial role for plasticity.This is the first time for the study of glass physics,people showing how the classical eigenmode geometry shapes the plastic behavior of amorphous materials.