我国检察侦查权的历史、现实与完善

The History,Current State,and Improvement of Prosecutorial Investigation Power Mechanism in China

检察机关侦查权自始至终与检察机关相伴而生、同向而行。我国检察机关与监委有不同的监督面向,体现着检察机关在《宪法》中的性质定位。新时代下检察机关侦查权调整和重构存在一定的制度空间,但检察机关侦查权的完善同样存在现实性、紧迫性。检察机关侦查权的完善,应当从属其法律监督的宪法定位,基于我国监察体制改革的制度现实和行使法律监督的实践需求展开。以检察侦查为载体,切实打通检察机关与证据的关联,有助于检察机关法律监督的全面践行,完成检察机关“未尽的改革”。检察机关侦查权的运行问题,不仅涉及内设机构的改革,更应成为检察视角下程序改革的又一重要契机,要借助这一变革端口,重新审视和解决检察职能运行中存在的法律和制度瓶颈,既站在法律框架之内求改革,又站在法律之外谋改革。

The creation and development of the prosecutorial investigation power has been intertwined with that of the prosecutorial organs.The difference of the supervisory functions of the prosecutorial organs and the supervisory commissions in China reflects the nature and positioning of the prosecutorial organs in the Constitution.In the new era,there is certain institutional room for adjusting and reconstructing prosecutorial investigation power.However,the perfection of this power also faces practical and urgent challenges.The improvement of the prosecutorial investigation power should be subject to its constitutional positioning in legal supervision,and based on the institutional reality of China's supervisory system reform and the practical needs of exercising legal supervision.The prosecutorial investigation should play a role in building the connection between prosecutorial organs and evidence,which is conductive to the comprehensive implementation of the legal supervision and the completion of"unaccomplished reform"of prosecutorial organs.The operational issues of prosecutorial investigation power not only involve the reform of internal institutions but should also become another important opportunity for procedural reform from the prosecutorial perspective.Leveraging this transformative opportunity,it is essential to reexamine and crack the legal and institutional bottlenecks in the functioning of prosecutorial functions,seeking reforms both within and outside the legal framework.