对恐怖组织与有组织犯罪间关系的学术争论与反思

Academic Debate and Reflections on the Relationship Between Terrorism and Organized Crime

当代恐怖组织与有组织犯罪的合流趋势引起了学界对其关系的争论。在分类上,学界存在着将两个概念合二为一、建立更详细分类体系或彻底打破恐怖组织与有组织犯罪二元划分等三种观点。在竞合关系上,学界也提出了两者易于合作、难以合作与相互竞争等相互对立的观点。在两者间的类型转换上,学者们指出促成恐怖组织向犯罪集团转化的因素包括经济诱惑、组织间权力竞争或恐怖组织与政府的互动等,政府的打击力度则是促成犯罪集团向恐怖组织转化的主要动因。缺乏实证研究是学者们在该领域几乎所有重要议题上均未达成一致的主要原因,而较高的资料获取难度是造成这一现象的主要因素。未来该领域的研究应改变目前以动机为主要切入点的研究路径,转而加强对手段的关注,以弥补在资料获取上的先天不足,并为国际安全研究提供新的研究视角。

The confluence of contemporary terrorism and organized crime has caused a debate on the crimeterror nexus in academic circles.In terms of the classification of the two concepts,scholars put forward three viewpoints:combining the two concepts into one,establishing a more detailed classification system,or completely breaking the binary division between terrorism and organized crime.In terms of their relationship,the academic circles consider the two concepts easy to cooperate,difficult to cooperate or in mutual competition,among other contradictory viewpoints.In terms of the transformation between the two,scholars point out that the factors contributing to the transformation of terrorist organizations to criminal groups may include economic temptation,power competition among organizations and the interaction between terrorist organizations and the government.The government's crackdown is the main reason for the transformation of criminal groups into terrorist organizations.The lack of empirical research is the main reason why scholars have not reached a consensus on almost allthe important issues in this field,and the immense difficulty of obtaining data is the main factor that causes this phenomenon.In order to make up for the deficiency in data acquisition and provide a new research perspective for the international security research,future research in this field should focus more on methods and swift from the current approach based on motives.