芫荽精油对桃蚜的杀虫活性及其保护酶和解毒酶活性的影响

Insecticidal activity of Coriandrum sativum essential oil against Myzus persicae(Hemiptera:Aphididae)and the effects on the aphid’s protective and detoxification enzyme activities

【目的】探究芫荽Coriandrum sativum精油对桃蚜Myzus persicae的生物活性和对吡虫啉的增效作用,以及桃蚜对芫荽精油胁迫的响应机制。【方法】分别测定芫荽籽精油和芫荽叶精油对桃蚜成蚜的24 h熏蒸活性(精油浓度为200,100,50,25,12.5和6.25μL/mL)和触杀活性(精油浓度为12.5,6.25,3.125,1.563和0.781μL/mL)半致死浓度(median lethal concentration,LC_(50))值;配制浓度为4.0,2.0,1.0,0.5和0.25 mg/L的吡虫啉,分别添加体积分数为0.05%的芫荽叶精油和芫荽籽精油,采用浸叶法处理桃蚜成蚜,48 h时检测芫荽叶精油和芫荽籽精油对吡虫啉的增效作用;检测LC_(50)浓度芫荽叶精油和芫荽籽精油触杀处理桃蚜成蚜48 h时保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD),解毒酶羧酸酯酶(carboxylesterase,CarE)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(glutathione-S-transferase,GST)及乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,AChE)的活性。【结果】芫荽籽精油和芫荽叶精油对桃蚜成蚜的24 h触杀LC_(50)值分别为1.63和3.72μL/mL,24 h熏蒸LC_(50)值分别为14.69和34.15μL/mL。增效试验结果表明,添加体积分数0.05%芫荽籽精油和芫荽叶精油后,吡虫啉对桃蚜成蚜的LC_(50)值分别为0.99和1.51 mg/L,增效比分别为4.78和3.13。与空白对照组相比,LC_(50)浓度芫荽籽精油和芫荽叶精油触杀处理桃蚜成蚜48 h时,保护酶SOD和CAT活性均显著增强,但POD活性没有明显变化;解毒酶CarE和GST及AChE活性均显著增强,其中,芫荽籽精油处理组桃蚜成蚜SOD,GST和AChE活性分别是芫荽叶精油处理组的1.58,1.20和1.34倍。【结论】芫荽籽精油和芫荽叶精油对桃蚜均具有触杀和熏蒸活性,且均对吡虫啉表现出增效作用,其中芫荽籽精油效果更强;桃蚜可通过升高体内保护酶SOD,CAT活性和解毒酶CarE,GST及AChE活性来应对芫荽精油杀虫成分的胁迫。

【Aim】The aim is to explore the bioactivity of Coriandrum sativum essential oils against Myzus persicae,and its synergistic effects on imidacloprid,as well as the response mechanism of M.persicae to C.sativum essential oil stress.【Methods】The median lethal concentration(LC_(50))values of 24 h fumigation activity(essential oil concentrations of 200,100,50,25,12.5,and 6.25μL/mL)and 24 h contact activity(essential oil concentrations of 12.5,6.25,3.125,1.563,and 0.781μL/mL)of seed essential oil and leaf essential oil of C.sativum against M.persicae adults were evaluated,respectively.M.persicae adults were treated with imidacloprid solutions at the concentrations of 4.0,2.0,1.0,0.5,and 0.25 mg/L containing 0.05%volume fraction of leaf essential oil and seed essential oil of C.sativum,respectively,by leaf-dipping method to determine the synergistic effects of leaf essential oil and seed essential oil of C.sativum on imidacloprid at 48 h after treatment.The activities of the protective enzymes superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD),detoxification enzymes carboxylesterase(CarE)and glutathione-S-transferase(GST),and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)in M.persicae adults at 48 h after contact treatment with LC_(50) concentration of leaf essential oil and seed essential oil of C.sativum were determined.【Results】The 24 h contact LC_(50) values of seed essential oil and leaf essential oil of C.sativum against M.persicae adults were 1.63 and 3.72μL/mL,respectively.The 24 h fumigation LC_(50) values of seed essential oil and leaf essential oil of C.sativum against M.persicae adults were 14.69 and 34.15μL/mL,respectively.The synergistic experiment results showed that the LC_(50) values of imidacloprid against M.persicae adults were 0.99 and 1.51 mg/L after adding 0.05%volume fraction of seed and leaf essential oil of C.sativum and the synergistic ratios were 4.78 and 3.13,respectively.The activities of the protective enzymes SOD and CAT in M.persicae adults at 48 h after the contact treatment with seed essential oil and leaf essential oil of C.sativum at the LC_(50) concentration were significantly increased,however,those of POD had no significant change as compared with those of the blank control group.The activities of the detoxification enzymes CarE and GST,and AChE in M.persicae adults at 48 h after the contact treatment with seed essential oil and leaf essential oil of C.sativum at LC_(50) concentration were significantly increased as compared with that of the blank control group.The activities of SOD,GST,and AChE in M.persicae adults treated with the C.sativum seed essential oil were 1.58-,1.20-,and 1.34-fold as high as those of the treatment group of the C.sativum leaf essential oil,respectively.【Conclusion】Seed essential oil and leaf essential oil of C.sativum have contact activity and fumigation activity against M.persicae,and also show synergistic effects on imidacloprid,with seed essential oil displaying stronger effect.M.persicae can respond to the stress of insecticidal components in C.sativum essential oil by increasing the activities of the protective enzymes SOD and CAT,as well as the detoxification enzymes CarE and GST,and AChE.