文学社团与文化机构合作的范例——重识文学研究会与商务印书馆的关系

Selected Examples of Cooperation between Literary Associations and Cultural Institutions:Reinterpreting the Relationship of the Literary Research Association and the Commercial Press

在经济与文学的关系中,经济基础决定着作为特殊意识的文学已成为常识,但是,文学对经济的能动性往往被研究界所忽略。在许多时候,文学并不是消极的被经济所决定,如文学研究会在与商务印书馆的合作中表现出了强烈的主体性。在商务印书馆从诸多方面影响了文学研究会时,文学研究会也一直主动借用商务印书馆的力量发展、壮大自己,当商务印书馆妨碍文学研究会实现自身的宗旨时,文学研究会则努力突破束缚。双方长期合作,是双方成功平衡各方利益和诉求的结果,在双方冲突、妥协、磨合的过程中成功平衡了经济与文化、政治与文化等多种因素的冲突。双方形成了既独立自主,又相互借重、制约,形成均势的复杂关系。这是在现代文学市场中形成的现代文学与社会资本之间的新型机制。这种新型机制作为民国文学机制的一部分,是研究者触摸民国文学历史脉络、探究中国文学现代化规律的一个窗口。

In the relationship between economy and literature,the economic foundation that determines literature as a special consciousness has become a common sense.However,the initiative of literature on the economy is often overlooked in academic researches.In many cases,literature is not passively determined by the economy.For example,the Literary Research Association showed strong subjectivity in its cooperation with the Commercial Press.When the Commercial Press influenced the Literary Research Association in many ways,the Literary Research Association also actively depended on the Commercial Press to develop and strengthen itself.When the Commercial Press hindered the Literary Research Association from achieving its own goals,the latter then strove to break free from constraints.Successfully balanced interests and demands of two sides resulted in long-term cooperation.In the process of conflict,compromise and adjustment,both sides succeeded in balancing the conflict between multiple factors such as economy and culture,politics and culture,etc.A complex relationship between them which was not only independent but also mutually restrictive was formed.This was a new mechanism bored in the modern literary market between modern literature and social capital.As part of the literary mechanism of the Republic of China,this new mechanism was a window for researchers to explore the historical context of literature of the Republic of China and the law of modernization of Chinese literature.