基因组原位杂交技术在甘蔗研究中的应用

Genomic in Situ Hybridization and Its Application in Sugarcane Research

甘蔗野生种和近缘属植物中含有许多抗病和高糖优良性状基因,通过杂交育种将这些基因引入到甘蔗中,以期获得性状优良的突破性甘蔗品种,对甘蔗产业发展具有重要意义。基因组原位杂交技术(GISH)自问世以来,在植物多倍体物种起源、杂交后代亲本染色体来源及组成的鉴定、染色体行为及核型分析等方面应用广泛。应用GISH技术分析甘蔗杂交后代的染色体遗传方式具有重要意义,其结果可为育种家制定甘蔗杂交育种计划和选择好的杂交方式提供细胞学参考依据,进而可以增加甘蔗育种的精确性,提高甘蔗育种效率。本研究概括了基因组原位杂交技术及其与其他技术相结合在植物研究中的应用,简述了GISH技术在甘蔗育种研究中的应用情况,并对该技术可能为甘蔗研究带来的发展应用进行了展望。

There are many disease resistance genes and high sugar content trait genes in wild sugarcane species and related plants.These genes are introduced into sugarcane through cross breeding in order to obtain breakthrough sugarcane varieties with good characters,and it is of great significance to the development of sugarcane industry.Since its inception,Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)was widely used in the study on the origin of polyploid plant species,the identification of the chromosomes origin and composition in hybrid progenies,chromosome behavior and karyotype analysis et al.It is very important to characterize the chromosome transition in sugarcane hybridization progenies by GISH,the result will provide cytological reference for breeders to make plant and select advance methods in sugarcane cross breeeding,so as to increase the accuracy of sugarcane breeding and improve the efficiency of sugarcane breeding.In this review,GISH and its application in plant research and sugarcane breeding combined with other technologies were briefly described.Also,the possible development of this techonology for sugarcane research was prospected.