378份油茶种质资源表型遗传多样性分析

Phenotypic Genetic Diversity Analysis of 378 Oil-tea Camellia Germplasm Resources

为明确油茶种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性,揭示油茶果实表型性状变异规律。本研究对378份油茶的15个果实性状进行遗传多样性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析及隶属函数综合评价。378份油茶种质有较丰富的遗传多样性,15个果实性状遗传多样性指数变化范围是1.758~1.920,遗传多样性指数最大的是籽径(1.920)。各性状间存在丰富的变异,变异系数在17.082%~58.592%之间,变异系数最大的是鲜籽重(58.592%)。相关性分析中,共产生66对相关性,极显著正相关63对,显著正相关1对。其中,果径和果重呈极显著正相关,相关系数最大,达到0.944;鲜籽重和果重、果径、籽高均呈极显著正相关。主成分分析中,提取前3个特征值大于1的主成分,累计方差贡献率为86.123%,表明前3个主成分涵盖大部分指标信息。其中,第1主成分特征值为7.798,方差贡献率达到51.989%。聚类分析将378份油茶分为三个类群。根据隶属函数分析法,将378份油茶进行计算,得到相应的综合得分,按照综合评分值大小判定,成功筛选出12份表型性状优异的油茶,其中,综合评价得分最高的是H387。这些发现为油茶种质资源评价及良种选育提供了重要参考。

To clarify the genetic diversity of the phenotypic traits of oil-tea camellia germplasm resources,this study explores the variation patterns of phenotypic traits in oil-tea camellia fruits.Genetic diversity,correlation,principal component,and cluster analyses,as well as a comprehensive evaluation using a subordinate function,were performed on 15 fruit traits of 378 oil-tea camellia germplasms.These germplasms exhibit considerable genetic diversity.The genetic diversity indices for the 15 fruit traits range from 1.758 to 1.920,with seed diameter showing the highest diversity index at 1.920.Significant variation exists among the traits,with variation coefficients ranging from 17.082%to 58.592%,the highest was fresh seed weight(58.592%).In the correlation analysis,66 pairs of traits show correlation,with 63 pairs showing a highly significant positive correlation and one pair showing a significant positive correlation.Among them,fruit diameter and fruit weight showed a highly significant positive correlation,with the highest correlation coefficient of 0.944.Fresh seed weight also shows a highly significant positive correlation with fruit weight,fruit diameter,and seed height.In the principal component analysis,the first three principal components with eigenvalues greater than one account for 86.123%of the cumulative variance,indicating that they cover most of the index information.Specifically,the first principal component has an eigen value of 7.798,contributing 51.989%to the variance.Cluster analysis divides the 378 oil-tea camellia samples into three groups.Based on the subordinate function analysis method,a comprehensive score is calculated for the 378 samples.According to the comprehensive scores,12 oil-tea camellia samples with outstanding and stable agronomic traits are successfully identified,with H387 having the highest comprehensive evaluation score.These findings provide an important reference for the evaluation of germplasm resources and breeding of oil-tea camellia.