兰科植物与共生真菌互作关系的研究进展

Review of Interaction between Orchidaceae and Symbiotic Fungi

兰科植物的种子细小,是所有被子植物中最小种子类型之一,只具备一种不被胚乳包围且小而不发达的胚,在其生命周期的整个过程中,特别是在营养资源匮乏的早期阶段,对共生真菌的依赖性非常强。共生真菌与兰科植物形成菌根联合共生体为种子萌发、原球茎生长发育、幼苗分化以及成年植株生殖生长提供所需的营养物质。本研究对兰科植物共生真菌的研究历程与概况、菌根互作关系、多样性与专一性、促生作用以及应用前景等方面进行了综述,并在此基础上进行展望,以期为兰科植物野生资源保育与开发、人工栽培生产以及生防菌与菌肥研发等研究提供参考。

Orchidaceae is one of the smallest seed types in angiosperms,with only one small and undeveloped embryo without endosperm.Orchidaceae is highly dependent on symbiotic fungi throughout its life cycle,especially in the early stage when nutrient resources are scarce.The mycorrhizal symbiosis between symbiotic fungi and Orchidaceae provides essential nutrients for seed germination,protocorm growth and development,seedling differentiation and adult plant growth.The paper reviewed the research process and profile,mycorrhizal interaction relationship,diversity and specificity,growth-promoting effect and application prospect of symbiotic fungi in Orchidaceae.And based on this,to provide reference for the conservation and development of wild Orchidaceae resources,artificial cultivation and production,as well as the research and development of biocontrol fungi and fungal fertilizer.