孕期群组化健康教育模式对初产妇孕期健康行为、分娩方式及母婴结局的影响

Effect of cluster health education model during pregnancy on health behavior during pregnancy,mode of delivery and maternal and fetal outcomes of primipara

目的探讨孕期群组化健康教育模式在初产妇中的应用效果。方法选取2020年2月—2022年2月拟于郑州市妇幼保健院分娩的98例初产妇,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组49例。对照组产妇采用常规健康教育进行干预,观察组产妇接受孕期群组化健康教育模式进行干预,2组均干预至分娩结束。比较2组产妇自我管理能力、孕期健康行为、心理状态、分娩方式、母婴结局及满意度。结果干预后,观察组产妇自我管理量表中的遵医行为、日常生活行为、自我防护行为及胎儿监护行为评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组产妇孕期健康行为调查表中睡觉姿势、合理饮食、适当运动及体质量监测评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组产妇焦虑自评量表(SAS)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产妇阴道助产及剖宫产率均低于对照组,自然分娩率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良母婴结局发生率为4.08%(2/49),低于对照组的18.37%(9/49),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.018,P=0.025)。观察组产妇护理满意度调查表中宣教方式、沟通态度、健康指导及宣教效果评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕期群组化健康教育模式能够提高初产妇自我管理能力,促进产妇孕期健康行为改善,减轻不良情绪,有助于提高自然分娩率,降低不良母婴结局发生风险,产妇满意度较高。

Objective This paper aims to explore the effect of the cluster health education model during pregnancy in primipa-ra.Methods This study enrolled 98 primiparas who will deliver at Women&Infants Hospital of Zhengzhou from Feb.2020 to Feb.2022.They were randomly assigned to the control group and observation group,with 49 cases in each group.Patients in the control group received routine health education,while patients in the observation group received the cluster health education model during pregnancy.Participants in both groups underwent intervention until the end of delivery.Ma-ternal self-management ability,health behavior during pregnancy,psychological status,mode of delivery,maternal and fetal outcomes and satisfaction were compared between the groups.Results After intervention,the scores of compliance behavior,daily life behavior,self-protection behavior,and fetal monitoring behavior in the maternal self-management scale in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of sleep posture,rational diet,adequate exercise and body weight monitoring in the maternal health behavior questionnaire during pregnancy in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of the Self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and Self-rating depression scale(SDS)in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The vaginal delivery and cesarean section rates of parturients in the observation group were lower than those in the con-trol group,and the spontaneous delivery rate was higher than that in the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in the observation group was 4.08%(2/49),which was significantly lower than that in the control group[18.37%(9/49);χ^(2)=5.018,P=0.025].The scores of public education mode,communication at-titude,health guidance and education effect in the maternal nursing satisfaction questionnaire in the observation group were signifi-cantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The cluster health education model during pregnancy can im-prove the self-management ability of primipara,promote health behavior during pregnancy,reduce adverse emotions,raise the natu-ral delivery rate,and lower the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes,with high maternal satisfaction.