高等级生物安全实验室采用循环风问题探讨

Discussion on whether circulating air can be used in high-level biosafety laboratories

通风空调系统是保障高等级生物安全实验室稳定运行的重要措施,为了避免交叉污染,一般采用全新风空调系统.为了降低能耗和运行费用,很多高等级生物安全实验室采用了变风量运行、热回收装置等节能技术措施,取得了一定的节能效果,但不是很显著.为了进一步实现高等级生物安全实验室的节能运行以降低运行成本,通风空调系统可否采用循环风问题成为实验室设计人员、运行维护人员、使用人员共同关心的话题.近年来,随着一些对室内环境参数有较高恒温要求的高精密仪器设备的应用,循环风问题更加凸显.本文对高等级生物安全实验室采用循环风问题进行了探讨,分析了国内外生物安全实验室相关标准要求、全新风系统的特点与挑战、循环风系统的风险与应对措施、循环风系统生物安全风险管理等,提出高等级生物安全实验室应优先采用全新风系统,当室内工艺设备对周围环境温度有较高要求或者考虑节能运行时,可考虑采用循环风系统,但应对回风进行有效的空气净化处理,同时应加强对循环风系统的生物安全风险管理.

The biosafety laboratory is an important venue for conducting biosafety related research such as infectious disease prevention and control,biological invasion,etc.It also provides important safety guarantees for laboratory personnel to prevent pathogen infection and prevent pathogen leakage.According to the degree of biological harm to the object being processed and the protective measures taken,it can be divided into four levels,with the highest level being level four.When carrying out high-risk biological experiments,high-level biosafety laboratories need to ensure the safety and stability of the indoor environment.Ventilation and air conditioning systems are important technical means and safeguards to ensure the stable operation of high-level biosafety laboratories.The ventilation and air conditioning system of a highlevel biosafety laboratory not only ensures the internal air quality and biosafety of the laboratory,but also provides clean and stable environmental conditions to ensure the accuracy and success of the experiment.At the same time,it reduces the risk of leakage and transmission of pathogenic microorganisms and protects the safety of laboratory staff and the environment.In order to avoid cross contamination,ventilation and air conditioning systems generally require the use of fresh air conditioning systems.In order to reduce energy consumption and operating costs,high-level biosafety laboratories in China have adopted energy-saving technology measures such as variable air volume operation and heat recovery devices,which have achieved certain energy-saving effects,but are not very significant.In recent years,the use of circulating air in the ventilation and air conditioning system of high-level biosafety laboratories has become one of the most concerned issues for designers and maintenance managers.With the application of high-precision instruments and equipment with high temperature requirements for the surrounding environment(such as cryomicroscopes)in high-level biosafety laboratories,the issue of whether to use circulating air has become more prominent.This paper discusses the problem of using recycled air in high-level biosafety laboratories,including comparative analysis of domestic and foreign standards,characteristics and challenges of fresh air systems,systemic risk and countermeasures of recycled air systems,biosafety risk management of recycled air systems,etc.Through relevant research and practice analysis,it aims to provide ideas and suggestions for the optimization of ventilation and air conditioning systems in high-level biosafety laboratories.The results of this study show that in order to minimize the risk of cross contamination caused by the spread of pathogenic microorganisms through the ventilation and air conditioning system,the fresh air system should be preferentially used in high-level biosafety laboratories.When the process equipment in the core workspace has high requirements for the stability and uniformity of the surrounding temperature field,and it is necessary to use a circulating air system,the return air should be efficiently filtered and only circulated within the core workspace.Additionally,biosafety risk management of the circulating air system should be strengthened.