发酵全混合日粮制备及应用的研究进展

Research Progress on the Preparation and Application of Fermented Total Mixed Diets

20世纪60年代起,美国、意大利等许多畜牧业发达的国家已经开始使用全混合日粮(TMR)进行饲喂,饲喂效果较佳,因此开始大面积推广。发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)是TMR发酵后制得的一种适用于反刍动物、具有更高有氧稳定性的饲粮。另外,一些非常规饲料资源经发酵后也可以进行利用,以丰富饲料资源。FTMR可以满足牛的日常营养需要,并提高其生产性能,保证牛的健康生长。但当前的发酵技术水平限制了FTMR在反刍动物生产中的应用。本文主要综述了FTMR的发酵菌种、发酵品质的影响因素、非常规饲料在FTMR中的应用进展,以期为FTMR的研究及应用提供一定理论参考。

Since the 60s of the 20th century,many animal husbandry countries such as the United States and Italy began to use total mixed rations(TMR)for feeding,and the feeding effect is better,so it popularized on a large scale.Fermented total mixed diet(FTMR)is a suitable diet for ruminants with higher aerobic stability obtained after fermentation of a total mixed diet.Some unconventional feed resources can also be used after fermentation to save feed resources.FTMR can not only meet the daily nutritional needs of cattle,but also improve their production performance and ensure the healthy growth of cattle.However,due to the backwardness of fermentation technology,the application of FTMR in ruminant production is limited.In this paper,the influencing factors of fermentation strains on fermentation quality of FTMR and the application progress of unconventional feed in FTMR are reviewed,so as to provide a th eoretical reference for the research and application of FTMR.