种植方式对水稻产量及品质的影响

Effects of Planting Methods on Rice Yield and Quality

种植方式对水稻的产量和品质的形成至关重要。本研究以粳稻日本晴为材料,采用人工直播和人工移栽等密度的两种种植方式,分析其对产量形成与稻米品质的影响。结果表明,人工移栽稻的产量显著高于人工直播稻,产量增加了23.7%~23.9%;整精米率显著高于人工直播稻,垩白米率和垩白大小两种种植方式各有优势。生物量和生理指标测定发现,植株上三叶的叶面积从拔节期到抽穗后25 d间均显著高于人工直播方式,增加了15%~35%。人工移栽稻的光合荧光参数与人工直播稻差异不显著,但株高显著高于人工直播稻,干物质的积累量在拔节期和抽穗期显著高于人工直播稻。在不同生长阶段人工移栽稻积累更多的非结构性碳水化合物,尤其是在抽穗后15 d茎和穗中更多,增加了10%左右。表明干物质积累、上三张叶片的叶面积、抽穗后15 d茎和穗中非结构性碳水化合物的积累量及抽穗后叶片对产量和籽粒的贡献是移栽稻与直播稻在产量和稻米品质方面产生差异的重要原因。

Planting methods are crucial to the formation of rice yield and quality.In this study,the japonica rice nipponbare was planted by precise direct seeding and transplanting of artificial with equal density.The effects of different planting methods on yield and quality were analyzed.The results showed that the yield of transplanting rice was higher than that of direct planting rice,which increased by 23.7%-23.9%,the whole milled rice was higher than that of direct planting rice,chalky rice rate and chalky rice size had their own advantages.The biomass and physiological indexes were determined and found that the area of three leaves on the transplanting rice was higher than that of direct planting rice,which reached significant levels at jointing stage,heading stage,25 days after heading,which was increased by 15%-35%.There was no significant difference in photosynthetic fluorescence parameters between transplanting rice and direct-planting rice.But the plant height of transplanting rice was higher than that of direct seeding rice.The accumulation of dry matter at jointing stage and heading stage was significantly higher than that of direct planting rice,Artificially transplanted rice accumulates more non-structural carbohydrates at different growth stages,especially in stems and panicles 15 days after heading,increasing by about 10%.This research showed that the dry matter accumulation,the leaf area of the top three leaves,the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in the stem and panicle 15 days after heading,and the contribution of leaves to yield and grains after heading were important reasons for high yields and difference in rice quality of transplanted rice.