近十年河南省半冬性小麦品种育种特点及性状演变分析

Analysis on Breeding Characteristics and Character Evolution ofSemi-winter Wheat Varieties in He'nan Province in Recent Ten Years

了解河南省半冬性小麦品种的育种特点及性状演变,分析了河南省2011—2020年审定的181个半冬性品种(冬水组、强筋组和抗赤霉病组)的亲本来源、主要产量性状、品质性状和抗病性,并对其演变趋势进行总结。结果表明,近十年河南省半冬性小麦杂交育成品种占96.7%,其中单交品种占70.7%,复交品种占26.0%。亲本来源,利用频次最高的5个品种为周麦16、矮抗58、周麦22、周麦18和周麦13。这5个种质育成的品种数高达126个,占69.6%;利用外省品种(系)作为亲本育成品种为31个,占17.1%。产量性状:产量、株高、有效穗、穗粒数、千粒重的变异系数分别为6.08%、4.41%、5.38%、6.41%、7.41%,均小于10%。线性拟合结果显示,近十年河南省审定半冬性小麦品种比对照周麦18的增产率呈上升趋势,平均每年上升0.2%。品质性状:面团稳定时间变异系数高达76.33%,蛋白质、湿面筋含量、吸水率的变异系数均小于10.0%。抗病性:白粉病和条锈病中抗品种较多,分别为17.68%和34.81%,高抗品种有8.29%,高感品种较少,有1.66%,中感品种较多,分别为73.48%和57.46%;叶锈病和纹枯病中抗品种分别为4.4%和8.3%;赤霉病高感品种高达94.48%。

In order to systematically understand the breeding characteristics and character evolution of semi-winter wheat varieties in He'nan Province,181 semi-winter varieties(Dongshui group,Qiangjin group and Scab-resistant group)approved in He'nan Province from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed for their parental origin,main yield traits,quality traits and disease resistance,and summarized its evolution trend.The results showed that in recent ten years,96.7%of the semi-winter wheat varieties were developed in He'nan Province,of which 70.7%were single-cross varieties and 26.0%were multiple-cross varieties.The parents were Zhoumai 16,AIKANG58,Zhoumai22,Zhoumai18 and Zhoumai13.There were 126 cultivars(69.6%)and 31 cultivars(17.1%)from other provinces as parents.The variation coefficients of yield,plant height,effective panicle,grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight were 6.08%,4.41%,5.38%,6.41%and 7.41%,respectively,all less than 10%.The results of linear fitting showed that the yield increase rate of approved semi-winter wheat varieties in He'nan Province was 0.2%higher than that of Zhoumai18 in recent ten years.Quality traits:the variation coefficient of dough stability time was as high as 76.33%,and the variation coefficient of protein,wet gluten content and water absorption were less than 10.0%.Resistance to powdery mildew(17.68%),stripe rust(34.81%),highly resistant(8.29%),highly susceptible(1.66%),and moderately susceptible(73.48%).The resistant varieties to leaf rust and sheath blight were 4.4%and 8.3%,respectively,and the susceptible varieties to scab were 94.48%.