传统村落遗产地居民文化适应对遗产认同的影响研究——以吉首市德夯村为例

Study on the influence of cultural adaptation on heritage identity of residents in traditional village heritage sites——A case study of Dehang Village in Jishou City

遗产旅游的兴起为传统村落旅游带来机遇,但也因过快发展引发传统村落居民的文化适应以及遗产认同等问题,这些问题的解决对传统村落文化遗产的可持续具有重要意义。基于对遗产认同和文化适应的概念解析,一方面,从遗产认同的内部结构出发,构建遗产认同的评价指标体系来评价德夯村居民遗产认同情况;另一方面,援引Barry的双文化模型和SL-ASIA单线性文化适应模型来测度居民的文化适应情况,利用回归分析探讨文化适应对遗产认同的影响。所得结论如下:1)SL-ASIA模型下传统村落居民的文化适应可以从社会交往、日常偏好和遗产认同3个维度进行评价,Barry的双文化模型可以将传统村落居民的文化适应策略分为整合、同化、分离和边缘化4种类型。从SL-ASIA模型和双文化模型都可得知德夯村居民的文化适应为双文化主义。2)传统村落居民的遗产认同可以从遗产认知和遗产身份认同2个维度进行评价,德夯村居民具有一定的遗产认同但程度不深。3)整合型文化适应,以及文化适应的社会交往和日常偏好维度对遗产认同具有显著正向影响。根据所得结论,对传统村落居民的遗产认同提升提出针对性建议,推进遗产保护和乡村振兴。

The rise of heritage tourism has brought opportunities for traditional village tourism,but it has also triggered problems of cultural adaptation and heritage identity of traditional village residents due to over-rapid development,and the solution of these problems is of great significance to the sustainability of the cultural heritage of traditional villages.Based on the conceptual analysis of heritage identity and cultural adaptation,by establishing the evaluation index system of heritage identity,invoking Barry′s bicultural model and SL-ASIA unilinear cultural adaptation model,we evaluated the cultural adaptation and heritage identity of the residents of Dehang village,and explored the impact of cultural adaptation on heritage identity.The conclusions are as follows:1)The cultural adaptation of traditional village residents under the SL-ASIA model can be evaluated in terms of three dimensions:social interactions,daily preferences and heritage identity.Barry′s bicultural model can be used to classify the cultual adaptation strategies of traditional village residents into four types:integration,assimilation,separation and marginalisation.Measured from both the SL-ASIA model and the bicultural model,it can be concluded that the cultual adaptation of the residents of the village of Dehang is biculturalism.2)The heritage identity of traditional village residents can be evaluated from the dimensions of heritage cognition and recognition of heritage identity,and the residents of Dehang have a certain heritage identity but not to a deep degree.3)Integration,the social interaction and daily preference dimensions of cultual adaptation had a significant positive effect on heritage identity.Based on the findings,targeted recommendations are made to enhance the heritage identity of traditional village residents and to promote heritage conservation and rural revitalisation.