主客观比较视角下农户福祉差异与提升路径研究

Research on differences in farmers′well-being and enhancement paths from subjective and objective perspective

福祉是一种幸福、健康或繁荣的状态,提升居民福祉是未来发展的根本目的和终极目标。依据实地调研与访谈数据,以农户生活满意度衡量农户主观福祉,以农户生计资本解析农户客观福祉,划分农户福祉水平,同时针对不同类型和不同生计策略的农户,对其福祉水平进行解译,为白家村农户发展提供优化路径。研究表明:1)白家村农户主观福祉与客观福祉匹配结果以“中-中”类型聚集明显,尚需整体提升。2)具体而言,客观福祉中以金融资本和自然资本滞后性较明显。主观福祉中乡村生产生活保障满意度较低,当地农户对自身医疗、卫生、教育存在意见。3)未来应首先整体提升策略水平指引白家村乡村农户福祉向“高-高”理想状态发展。其次,重点突破建设短板明确白家村乡村农户福祉建设方向。受访农户中,脱贫不稳定户与边缘户基础资源禀赋不足,发展内生力不足,针对此情况亟需政府进行对应帮扶。同时,当地政府应针对外出务工农户,开展非农职业培训,提升外出农户非农就业能力,为留村农户农业资产变现提供政策支持,确保农户在取得非农收入的同时,还能获得稳定的财产性收入。

Well-being is a state of happiness or prosperity,and improving the well-being of residents is the fundamental purpose and ultimate goal of future development.Based on field research data,this paper evaluated the subjective well-being of farmers with satisfaction of lives,analyzed objective well-being of farmers with livelihood capital,classified well-being levels of farmers.Then,we interpreted well-being levels for different farmers and different livelihood strategies to provide an optimal path for the development in Baijia Village.The results show that:1)The matching results of the subjective and objective well-being of Baijia Village farmers are significant clustered in the"M-M"which needs to be improved as a whole.2)There is a significant lag in the development of financial capital and natural capital in objective well-being.The satisfaction of rural production and life security in subjective well-being is low.Local farmers expressed dissatisfaction with medical,sanitary and educational conditions.3)In the future,we should first improve the overall level of strategy to guide the well-being of rural households in Baijia Village to the ideal state of"High-High.".Among the farming households interviewed,the unstable and marginal out-of-poverty households have insufficient basic resources and lack of endogenous power for development.In response to this situation,the government urgently needs to provide corresponding assistance.In addition,the local government should provide non-farm vocational training for migrant households,improve the non-agricultural employment ability of migrant households,and provide policy support for the realization of agricultural assets for migrant households.