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技术标准竞争、未来产业发展与国家战略博弈 被引量:3

Technical standard competition,future industrial development and the national strategic bargaining
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摘要 标准必要专利在工业4.0技术标准竞争领域中发挥日趋显著的重要作用。西方国家从维护产业安全和国家利益出发,率先利用国家力量、产业政策介入技术标准活动,在争夺技术标准相关案件诉讼优选地之外,更加注重通过政府宏观调控,引导国内技术标准产业在国际市场中获取竞争优势。为更好适应当前国际技术标准竞争形势和国家战略博弈环境变化,中国应当加强政府在技术标准竞争中作用,参与技术贸易市场规则秩序构建,支持中国企业逐步掌握全球技术标准定价机制主动权,主动谋求未来产业发展的国家战略博弈优势:一方面,强化行政机构在技术标准竞争中的协调作用,充分发挥国家知识产权局标准必要专利“必要性”审查认定和相关行政管理机关监管和评估功能;另一方面,在尊重并依托已有的国际规则基础上,提升中国技术标准竞争国际话语权,推动技术标准国际规则和程序治理机制完善。继而面向未来产业竞争,实现市场优先、行政引导、司法兜底、国际协调,构建起涵盖“原则-规则-机制”的技术标准国家公共治理框架,为产业创新发展和国际技术转让构建更具可预期性、稳定性的市场环境。 In the context of standard globalization,competition over technical standards has expanded to a wider scope.Enterprises participating in the formulation of technical standards dominate the technological direction of the field through their ownership of Standard Essential Patent(SEP),thereby enhancing the technological lock-in effect of standards.This makes SEP commercially valuable in the technical standards competition over Industry 4.0.The process of technical standard formulation,as well as licensing,transfer,and pricing,has a significant impact on the development direction and market competitive landscape of the high-tech industries related to information and communication.At the enterprise level,standard holders establish technical standard alliances and engage in horizontal cooperation to promote"DE facto standards"that incorporate intellectual property rights into international standards.This enables them to gain technological monopoly advantages and competitive advantages in trade on a global scale.At the national level,developed countries,driven by the need to safeguard industry security and national interests,take the lead in using state power and industr-ial policies to intervene in technical standard activities.In addition to prioritizing favorable choices in litigation related to technical standards,they pay more attention to guiding domestic technical standard industries to gain competitive advantages in the international market through government macro-regulation.The national strategic capabilities in international technical standard competition mainly include the influence of international organization rules,administrative strategic support,and judicial judgment enforcement.Since the 1980s,China has been gradually establishing a technical standard system and strengthening its national capacity in international technical standard competition.With the changing industrial competitive environment,the Chinese government has gradually realized the important role of SEP management.However,there are still issues such as the lack of an effective market transaction order to support SEP pricing,insufficient influence of international rules under administrative guidance,and the international confrontation triggered by aggressive judicial judgments.Drawing on the experiences of developed countries,in the current international governance of technical standard competition,it has become a consensus and a global trend in the public governance of global technical standards to build a more inclusive international rules system and technical standard transaction environment for SEP,optimize the related international rules system within the framework of international organization platforms,coordinate intensified conflicts between countries in the field of SEP,use policy tools to address fundamental problems in SEP licensing disorder,and leverage the positive role of administrative agencies in global governance of SEP pricing.To better adapt to the current international competition over technical standards and changes in the environment of national strategic games,China should strengthen the role of the government in technical standard competition,participate in the construction of rules and order in the technology trade market,support Chinese enterprises in gradually gaining initiative in global technical standard pricing mechanisms,and actively seek advantages in future industrial development in national strategic games.On the one hand,enhance the coordinating role of administrative agencies in technical standard competition,fully leverage the functions of CNIPA in the examination and determination of the"essentiality"of SEP and the supervision and evaluation of relevant administrative management agencies.On the other hand,while respecting and relying on existing international rules,enhance China's international discourse power in technical standard competition,promote the improvement of international rules and procedural governance mechanisms for technical standards.Furthermore,facing future industrial competition,establish a technical standard national governance framework covering"principles-rules-mechanisms",with market prioritization,administrative guidance,judicial safeguards,and international coordination,in order to create a more predictable and stable market environment for industrial innovation and international technology transfer.
作者 毛昊 柏杨 MAO Hao;BAI Yang(Shanghai International College of Intellectual Property,Tongji University,Shanghai 200082,China)
出处 《科学学研究》 CSSCI CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期713-720,849,共9页 Studies in Science of Science
基金 国家社会科学基金年度项目(22BGL045) 国家自然科学基金专项项目(72341004) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(22120220298)。
关键词 技术标准 标准必要专利 未来产业 国家博弈 technical standard standard essential patent industrial development national bargaining
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