论教育法典宪法基础的路径选择

On the Path to the Constitutional Basis of the Education Code

发现教育法典的宪法基础,对于坚持依宪立法,坚持把宪法规定、宪法原则、宪法精神贯彻到教育法典编纂中具有重大意义。现行宪法上的教育相关条款遍布各章节中。通过梳理发现,宪法中存在国家确认和保障公民受教育权、国家发展社会主义教育事业以及国家实行社会主义思想教育三条逻辑脉络。几乎对应的,学界就教育法典的核心价值存在“保障公民受教育权”和“发展国家教育事业”两种代表性观点。引入容纳性标准和统摄性标准对两种观点加以检视,以“保障公民受教育权”作为教育法典的核心价值更为合理,并以此作为发现教育法典宪法基础的核心抓手。教育法典的宪法基础以受教育权作为其核心,以国家发展社会主义教育事业作为优先表现形态,以社会主义制度和党的领导作为根本立场。

Discovering the constitutional basis of the Education Code is of great significance for insisting on legislating in accordance with the constitution,and insisting on implementing the constitutional provisions,principles and spirit of the constitution into the codification of the Education Code.Education-related provisions in the current Constitution are scattered throughout the various chapters.It is found that there are three logical lines in the Constitution:the State recognizes and guarantees citizens’right to education,the State develops socialist education,and the State implements socialist ideological education.Almost correspondingly,there are two representative views in the academic community on the core values of the Education Code,namely,“guaranteeing the right of citizens to education”and“developing national education”.The two points of view were examined by introducing the criteria of inclusiveness and comprehensiveness,and it would be more reasonable to take“guaranteeing the right of citizens to education”as the core value of the Education Code,and to use it as the central point for discovering the constitutional basis of the Education Code.The constitutional basis of the Education Code has the right to education as its core,the State’s development of socialist education as its preferred form of expression,and the socialist system and the Party’s leadership as its fundamental position.