美国高等教育专业如何培养高校管理人员——以专业型硕士学位为例

How does the M.Ed.Degree in American Higher Education Train University Administrators

为提升高校行政管理人员的专业性,美国高等教育专业设置了大量专业型硕士学位(M.Ed.)来培养实践人才、助力院校建设。M.Ed.学位在某种意义上成为美国高校行政管理人员的职业培训,学位诞生之初便与院校管理实践建立起联系,并在发展过程中持续探索管理人员的培养模式、增强其服务实践的核心功能。纵观M.Ed.学位的历史和现状,学位授权制度、职业资格证书制度、高等教育行业标准、专业实习制度是其发展的制度保障,帮助实现高等教育专业与高校管理间的联动。从培养过程来看,培养对象具有实践经验、培养目标结合职业需求、课程体系个性化、课程内容围绕实际问题、设置实习计划是M.Ed.学位的突出特点。这为我国高校行政管理和高等教育学人才培养提供了有益借鉴。

In order to improve the professionalism of university administrators,the United States has set up a large number of professional master’s degrees(M.Ed.)to train practical talents and help university construction.In a sense,the M.Ed.degree has become a vocational training for administrative personnel in American colleges and universities.Since the birth of the degree,it has been connected with the management practice of colleges and universities,and in the process of development,it has continued to explore the training mode of management personnel and enhance the core function of its service practice.Throughout the history and current situation of the M.Ed.degree,the degree authorization system,the vocational qualification certificate system,the higher education industry standard,and the professional internship system are the institutional guarantees for the degree development,and help realize the linkage between the higher education specialty and the institution construction.From the perspective of the training process,the training objects have practical experience,the training objectives are combined with professional needs,the curriculum system is personalized,the curriculum content is centered on practical problems,and the internship plan is set up.These are outstanding features of the M.Ed.degree.This has provided some useful references for our country’s administrative management and talents training of higher education.