19种杀菌剂对甜瓜细菌性果斑病菌的杀菌活性评价

Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of 19 bactericides against bacterial fruit blotch

瓜类细菌性果斑病是由西瓜噬酸菌引起的一种种传病害,在生产上的危害极为严重,可造成大面积的减产甚至绝产,但目前在生产中还缺乏有效的防治药剂。为筛选出高效防治细菌性果斑病的杀菌剂,在室内筛选了19种杀菌剂的离体活性成分,并对高活性杀菌剂进行毒力评价和活体盆栽验证。室内研究结果表明,0.3%四霉素水剂等8种杀菌剂离体杀菌活性显著,毒力强度依次为0.3%四霉素水剂>1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂>5%噻霉酮悬浮剂>20%辛菌胺醋酸盐水剂>20%丙硫唑悬浮剂>4%春雷霉素水剂>0.4%蛇床子素水剂>0.5%小檗碱水剂。活体盆栽试验结果表明,0.5%小檗碱水剂、20%丙硫唑悬浮剂、4%春雷霉素水剂和5%噻霉酮悬浮剂这4种药剂对甜瓜细菌性果斑病有较好的防治效果,其中0.5%小檗碱水剂对甜瓜细菌性果斑病的保护和治疗作用最强,在供试质量浓度为100 mg·L^(-1)时的保护和治疗防效分别为79.66%和73.24%。上述研究试验表明,0.5%小檗碱水剂、20%丙硫唑悬浮剂、4%春雷霉素水剂和5%噻霉酮悬浮剂可作为田间防治甜瓜细菌性果斑病的有效候选药剂。

Bacterial fruit blotch(Acidovorax citrulli)is a severe disease in melon,resulting in significant yield reductions and even complete crop failure.Despite its significant impact,effective chemical control strategies for this disease remain elusive.To address this issue,the author conducted an evaluation of 19 bactericides to identify highly efficient agents against A.citrulli.Both in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of the bactericides were assessed.From the initial in vitro screening,eight fungicides showing higher sensitivity were for further investigation of their bactericidal toxicity.The results revealed the following ranking of toxicity strengths:0.3%Tetracycline AS>1%Shenqinmycin SC>5%Benzio-thiazolinone SC>20%Dioctyldiethylenetriamine AS>20%Albendazole SC>4%Kasugamycin AS>0.4%Cnidium lactone AS>0.5%Berberine AS.Subsequent greenhouse experiments confirmed the effectiveness of 0.5%Berberine AS,20%Albendazole SC,4%Kasugamycin AS,and 5%Benziothiazolinone SE in preventing and treating BFB in melon seedlings.Particularly,0.5%Berberine AS exhibited the highest efficacy,with prevention and treatment rates of 79.66%and 73.24%,respectively,at a concentration of 100 mg·L^(-1).The findings in this research suggest that 0.5%Berberine AS,20%AlbendazoleSC,4%Kasugamycin AS,and 5%Benziothiazolinone SC hold promise as potential effective agents for the field control of bacterial fruit blotch.