非均匀静电场中的相对论原子束的自发辐射谱的规范依赖

Gauge Dependence of Spontaneous Radiation Spectrum of Relativistic Atomic Beam in Non-uniform Electrostatic Field

规范理论要求物理观测与规范无关。然而,自从兰姆注意到原子自发辐射光谱计算中的规范选择问题以来,在许多物理研究领域中都遇到了规范依赖问题。因此,检验各种物理系统规范对称性的自洽性就显得尤为重要。本文计算了非均匀静电场中相对论性氢原子的瞬态自发辐射谱。参考我们之前研究的相对论非微扰库仑场中自发辐射谱的规范依赖性(其中辐射物体是静态的而电荷是相对论运动的),本文所研究的物理系统是该项研究工作的参考系变换版本。对于常用的库仑、洛仑兹和多极规范,本文得到的峰值频率对于“σ型”可以相差330kHz;对于“π型”可以相差372 kHz或更大。这一结果不仅对于理论上研究规范场与量子系统的相互作用具有重要意义,而且对于实际的实验应用,例如外部电磁场中原子钟的定时精度也具有重要意义。

Gauge theory requires physical observables to be gauge-independent.However,since Lamb noticed the problem of gauge selection in calculating atomic spontaneous radiation spectrum,the problem of gauge dependence was encountered in many fields of physics research.Therefore,it is important to test the self-consistency of gauge symmetry for various physical systems.In this paper,we calculated the transient spontaneous radiation spectrum of a relativistic hydrogen atom in the non-uniform electrostatic field.Referring to our recent research on gauge dependence of spontaneous radiation spectrum in relativistic non-perturbation Coulomb field,where the radiating object is static while the charge is moving relativistically,the physical system studied in this paper is a frame-transformed version of this work.The obtained peak frequency can differ by about 330 kHz for"σ-type"and 372 kHz for"π-type"or larger for the commonly used Coulomb,Lorentz,and multipolar gauges.This result is significant not only for studying how the gauge field interacts with the quantum system in theory,but also for practical experimental applications such as the timing accuracy of atomic clocks in the external electromagnetic field.also for practical experimental applications such as the timing accuracy of atomic clocks in the external electromagnetic field.