基于机载LiDAR技术的河道测绘应用研究

Application Research of River Mapping Based on Airborne LiDAR Technology

为消除传统河道测绘方法效率低、难度大、危险系数高等弊端,利用穿透性较强的机载激光扫描测量技术,对某河道洲滩较多、环境复杂的盘山河段进行地形图及断面测绘作业。通过梳理机载LiDAR河道测绘技术流程,利用大疆智图和Terrasolid软件对外业高密度原始点云进行分析处理,提取项目需要的河道点云成果,与RTK实地测量数据进行对比分析,结果表明:采用机载LiDAR技术获取的研究区河道点云数据成果精度相对较高,裸露地表、草地、林地点云成果均能够满足1∶5000地形图平原地区精度要求,河道断面面积较差相对较小,符合规范及使用要求,且测速快、覆盖面广,为大区域范围内河道基础数据测绘生产提供了可靠有效的技术方法。

In order to eliminate the disadvantages of traditional river surveying and mapping methods,such as low efficiency,difficulty and high risk factor,airborne laser scanning and surveying technology with strong penetration is used to carry out topographic map and section surveying and mapping for a Panshan river reach with many bars and complicated environment.By sorting out the process of airborne LiDAR river mapping technology,using DJI Zhitu and Terrasolid software to analyze and process high-density original point clouds for field use,extracting the river channel point cloud results required by the project,and making a comparison and analysis with the field measurement data of RTK.The results show that the accuracy of river channel point cloud data obtained by airborne LiDAR technology in the study area is relatively high.The point cloud results of bare surface,grassland and forest land can meet the accuracy requirements of 1∶5000 topographic map in plain area,and the poor cross section area of river channel is relatively small,which meets the specifications and application requirements,and the measurement speed is fast and the coverage is wide.It provides a reliable and effective technical method for the production of river fundamental surveying and mapping data in a large area.