基于无人机摄影测量的建筑物变形监测方法

Building Deformation Monitoring Method Based on UAV Photogrammetry

提出将无人机倾斜摄影测量技术应用于建筑结构动态变形监测当中。首先,采用差分型无人机测量系统获取影像及精准摄站信息;然后,在空中三角测量过程,提出一种综合地理参考法,建立GNSS辅助光束法平差模型,达到减少参考控制点数量的目的;最后,建立三维点云,经区域增长分割方法拾取标识点信息,并基于MATLAB获取标识中心点坐标,实现建筑结构自动量测。实验针对某电站工程的部分建筑结构进行变形监测,验证了无人机倾斜摄影测量技术应用于建筑变形监测的可行性。结果表明:本文方法符合三、四等测量精度要求,对控制点的需求量相比传统方法明显降低,可作为一种安全、高效的建筑物动态监测手段。

This paper creatively proposes to apply the UAV oblique photogrammetry technology to the dynamic deformation monitoring of building structures.Firstly,the differential UAV photogrammetry system is used to obtain images and accurate camera station information;Then,in the process of aerial triangulation,a comprehensive geographical reference method is proposed,and the GNSS auxiliary beam adjustment model is established to reduce the number of reference control points;Finally,the 3D point cloud is established,the identification point information is picked up by the region growth segmentation method,and the coordinates of the identification center point are obtained based on MATLAB to realize the automatic measurement of the building structure.The experiment carried out deformation monitoring for some building structures of a power station project,and verified the feasibility of applying UAV oblique photogrammetry technology to building deformation monitoring.The results show that this method meets the third and fourth order measurement accuracy requirements,and the demand for control points is significantly reduced compared with the traditional methods.It can be used as a safe and efficient means of building dynamic monitoring.