混凝土氯离子和硫酸盐侵蚀破坏机理研究进展

Research Progress on the Failure Modes and Degradation Mechanisms of Chloride and Sulfate Corrosion in Concrete

在侵蚀性环境的长期作用下,会引起钢筋腐蚀和混凝土劣化,使建筑结构的承载力严重下降。其中,混凝土材料在侵蚀性环境中的耐久性,如抗氯离子渗透性和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性,一直是各国学者的研究重点。本文综述了在侵蚀环境下混凝土氯离子渗透机理、氯离子侵蚀机制和无损检测方法,归纳总结了硫酸盐侵蚀的破坏机理、主流检测方法及应对措施,阐述了在海洋环境中硫酸盐与氯盐对混凝土的耦合侵蚀机理;最后简要回顾了海洋环境中氯离子及其他侵蚀离子对混凝土结构的影响机理,评述了Cl^(-)-SO_(4)^(2-)对混凝土结构的耦合侵蚀机理,提出了相关寿命数学预测模型,为综合提升混凝土耐久性提供思路。

Under the long-term action of corrosive environments,it can cause corrosion of steel bars and deterioration of concrete,resulting in a serious decrease in the bearing capacity of building structures.Among them,the durability of concrete materials in corrosive environments,such as resistance to chloride ion penetration and resistance to sulfate attack,has always been a research focus of scholars from various countries.This paper provides an overview of the chloride ion penetration mechanism,chloride ion erosion mechanism,and non-destructive testing methods in concrete under corrosive environments.It summarizes the damage mechanism,mainstream testing methods,and response measures of sulfate erosion,and elaborates on the coupling erosion mechanism of sulfate and chloride salts on concrete in marine environments;finally,it conducts a brief review on the impact mechanism of chloride ions and other corrosive ions on concrete structures in the marine environment,evaluates the coupled corrosion mechanism of Cl^(-)-SO_(4)^(2-)on concrete structures,and proposes a related mathematical prediction model for service life,providing ideas for comprehensively improving the durability of concrete.